Algebraic differential equations from covering maps

Structure of families (Picard-Lefschetz, monodromy, etc.) (14D05) Model theory of ordered structures; o-minimality (03C64) Differential algebra (12H05) Semi-analytic sets, subanalytic sets, and generalizations (32B20)

Abstract: Let

Y

be a complex algebraic variety,

G c u r v e a r r o w r i g h t Y

an action of an algebraic group on

Y

,

U s u b s e t e q Y (m a t h b b C)

a complex submanifold,

G a m m a < G (m a t h b b C)

a discrete, Zariski dense subgroup of

G (m a t h b b C)

which preserves

U

, and

p i : U o X (m a t h b b C)

an analytic covering map of the complex algebraic variety

X

expressing

X (m a t h b b C)

as

. We note that the theory of elimination of imaginaries in differentially closed fields produces a generalized Schwarzian derivative

w i d e t i l d e c h i : Y o Z

(where

Z

is some algebraic variety) expressing the quotient of

Y

by the action of the constant points of

G

. Under the additional hypothesis that the restriction of

p i

to some set containing a fundamental domain is definable in an o-minimal expansion of the real field, we show as a consequence of the Peterzil-Starchenko o-minimal GAGA theorem that the emph{prima facie} differentially analytic relation

c h i := w i d e t i l d e c h i c i r c p i^{- 1}

is a well-defined, differential constructible function. The function

c h i

nearly inverts

p i

in the sense that for any differential field

K

of meromorphic functions, if

a, b i n X (K)

then

c h i (a) = c h i (b)

if and only if after suitable restriction there is some

g a m m a i n G (m a t h b b C)

with

p i (g a m m a c d o t p i^{- 1} (a)) = b

.

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