On quasianalytic classes of Gelfand-Shilov type. Parametrix and convolution

Convolution as an integral transform (44A35) Topological linear spaces of continuous, differentiable or analytic functions (46E10) Spaces of vector- and operator-valued functions (46E40) Topological linear spaces of test functions, distributions and ultradistributions (46F05) Operations with distributions and generalized functions (46F10) Hyperfunctions, analytic functionals (46F15)

Abstract: We develop a convolution theory for quasianalytic ultradistributions of Gelfand-Shilov type. We also construct a special class of ultrapolynomials, and use it as a base for the parametrix method in the study of new topological and structural properties of several quasianalytic spaces of functions and ultradistributions. In particular, our results apply to Fourier hyperfunctions and Fourier ultra-hyperfunctions.

Review text

Until recently, the theory of convolution of ultradistributions was much less developed than the corresponding one for distributions. This article fills the gap of a satisfactory convolution theory of quasianalytic ultradistributions. The main interest of this article are spaces of Gelfand-Shilov mixed type $\mathcal{S}^{*}_{\dagger}(\mathbb{R}^{d})$ and their dual spaces $\mathcal{S}'^{*}_{\dagger}(\mathbb{R}^{d})$ where the symbols ``$*$ and ``$\dagger$ stand for certain weight sequences. \par Since the quasianalytic case is very different from the non-quasianalytic case, the authors have to develop new methods to tackle it. As a basis for their considerations, they provide a better understanding of topological and structural properties of the spaces $\mathcal{S}^{*}_{\dagger}(\mathbb{R}^{d})$ and $\mathcal{S}'^{*}_{\dagger}(\mathbb{R}^{d})$. In particular, they construct parametrices and approximations of the identity in these spaces and they show that the space $\mathcal{S}'^{*}_{\dagger}(\mathbb{R}^{d})$ is a nuclear space. Moreover, they prove the identities \[ \mathcal{S}^{*}_{\dagger}(\mathbb{R}^{d_1+d_2}) \cong\mathcal{S}^{*}_{\dagger}(\mathbb{R}^{d_1})\widehat{\otimes}\mathcal{S}^{*}_{\dagger}(\mathbb{R}^{d_2}) \] and \[ \mathcal{S}'^{*}_{\dagger}(\mathbb{R}^{d_1+d_2}) \cong\mathcal{S}'^{*}_{\dagger}(\mathbb{R}^{d_1})\widehat{\otimes}\mathcal{S}'^{*}_{\dagger}(\mathbb{R}^{d_2}) \] whose distributional counterparts have turned out to be very useful. \par Using the theory of translation-invariant spaces of ultradistributions, which has been developed by the same authors together with \textit{P. Dimovski} in [Kyoto J. Math. 56, No. 2, 401--440 (2016; Zbl 1352.46039); Monatsh. Math. 177, No. 4, 495--515 (2015; Zbl 1337.46031); Novi Sad J. Math. 45, No. 1, 143--175 (2015; Zbl 1460.46027)], they define the space of integrable ultradistributions $\mathcal{D}'^{*}_{L^{1}}(\mathbb{R}^{d})$ which can be obtained as the dual space of $\mathcal{D}^{*}_{L^\infty}(\mathbb{R}^{d})$, also defined in this article, equipped with the topology of uniform convergence on compact absolutely convex subsets of $\mathcal{D}^{*}_{L^\infty}(\mathbb{R}^{d})$. \par Using these tools, they can define the convolution of ultradistributions in a way similar to the ``general convolution of distributions. More precisely, they call two ultradistributions $f_1$ and $f_2$ convolvable if \[ \varphi^{\Delta}f_1\otimes f_2 \in \mathcal{D}'^{*}_{L^1}(\mathbb{R}^{2d}) \text{ for all } \varphi\in\mathcal{S}^{*}_\dagger(\mathbb{R}^{d}), \] where $\varphi^\Delta(x,y) := \varphi(x+y)$. The convolution of these ultradistributions is then defined as the evaluation of the above expression with the constant one function. \par They conclude with a result showing that this condition, as in the case of distributions, is equivalent to certain other conditions and they show that the convolution has the expected behaviour with respect to ultradifferentiable operators of the class $*$.

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