Simply connected 3-manifolds with a dense set of ends of specified genus

DOI10.1007/S00009-017-0907-9MaRDI QIDQ1674178zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Dennis J. Garity, Dušan Repovš

Publication date 1 November 2017

Published in Mediterranean Journal of Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1706.09264, https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?id=121117&dn=

zbMATH Keywords

3-manifold setdefining sequenceendexhaustionlocal genuswild Cantor set

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Compact (locally compact) metric spaces (54E45) Topological characterizations of particular spaces (54F65) Wild embeddings (57M30)

Abstract: We show that for every sequence $(n_i)$, where each $n_i$ is either an integer greater than 1 or is $infty$, there exists a simply connected open 3-manifold $M$ with a countable dense set of ends $e_i$ so that, for every $i$, the genus of end $e_i$ is equal to $n_i$. In addition, the genus of the ends not in the dense set is shown to be less than or equal to 2. These simply connected 3-manifolds are constructed as the complements of certain Cantor sets in $S^3$. The methods used require careful analysis of the genera of ends and new techniques for dealing with infinite genus.

Review text

Suppose \(M\) is an open \(3\)-manifold. Choose any exhaustion of \(M\), i.e., a collection of properly nested compact submanifolds \(C_1 \subset C_2 \subset \ldots\) of \(M\). Form an inverse sequence of components of \(M \setminus C_i\) using the natural inclusions. The obtained inverse limit is called a set of ends of \(M\) and does not depend on the exhaustion. To each end \(e\) one may assign a genus, which somehow represents the genus of the boundary components inducing \(e\). In this paper the authors prove a type of a realization theorem for ends: for each sequence \((n_i)\) of genera in \(\mathbb N\cup \{\infty\}\) they construct an open simply-connected \(3\)-manifold \(M\) with uncountably many ends. Furthermore, in the set of ends equipped with the appropriate topology, there exists a countable dense set of ends \((e_i)\) of genera \((n_i)\) respectively, while all other ends are of genus at most \(2\). The manifold \(M\) is constructed as the complement of an appropriate Cantor set \(C\) in \(S^3\). The technical condition of the genus of an end is handled using the local genus of \(C\) at a point.

Recommendations

• Simply connected open 3-manifolds with rigid genus one ends
• Rigid cantor sets in R³ with simply connected complement
• Homogeneity groups of ends of open 3-manifolds
• Inequivalent Cantor sets in \(R^{3}\) whose complements have the same fundamental group
• Free groups as end homogeneity groups of 3-manifolds

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Cited in

(6)

• Open, irreducible 3-manifolds which are end 1-movable
• Genus of a Cantor set
• Genus 2 Cantor sets
• 3-manifolds which are end 1-movable
• Simply connected open 3-manifolds with rigid genus one ends
• Free groups as end homogeneity groups of 3-manifolds

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