The nonlocal Liouville-type equation in R and conformal immersions of the disk with boundary singularities

DOI10.1007/S00526-017-1245-2MaRDI QIDQ1674640zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Francesca Da Lio, Luca Martinazzi

Publication date 25 October 2017

Published in Calculus of Variations and Partial Differential Equations (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1607.03525

fractional Liouville equation in dimension 1 half Laplacian

Laplace operator, Helmholtz equation (reduced wave equation), Poisson equation (35J05) Fractional partial differential equations (35R11) Pseudodifferential operators as generalizations of partial differential operators (35S05)

Abstract: In this paper we perform a blow-up and quantization analysis of the fractional Liouville equation in dimension

1

. More precisely, given a sequence

u_{k} : m a t h b b R o m a t h b b R

of solutions to �egin{equation} (-Delta)^frac{1}{2} u_k =K_ke^{u_k}quad ext{in }mathbb{R}, end{equation} with

K_{k}

bounded in

L^{i} n f t y

and

e^{u_{k}}

bounded in

L^{1}

uniformly with respect to

k

, we show that up to extracting a subsequence

u_{k}

can blow-up at (at most) finitely many points

B = a_{1}, d o t s, a_{N}

and either (i)

u_{k} o u_{i} n f t y

in

W_{l o c}^{1, p} (m a t h b b R s e t m i n u s B)

and

K_{k} e^{u_{k}} s t a c k r e l * i g h t h a r p o o n d o w n K_{i} n f t y e^{u_{i} n f t y} + s u m_{j = 1}^{N} p i d e l t a_{a_{j}}

, or (ii)

u_{k} o - i n f t y

uniformly locally in

m a t h b b R s e t m i n u s B

and

K_{k} e^{u_{k}} s t a c k r e l * i g h t h a r p o o n d o w n s u m_{j = 1}^{N} a l p h a_{j} d e l t a_{a_{j}}

with

a l p h a_{j} g e p i

for every

j

. This result, resting on the geometric interpretation and analysis provided in a recent collaboration of the authors with T. Rivi`ere and on a classical work of Blank about immersions of the disk into the plane, is a fractional counterpart of the celebrated works of Br'ezis-Merle and Li-Shafrir on the

2

-dimensional Liouville equation, but providing sharp quantization estimates (

a l p h a_{j} = p i

and

a l p h a_{j} g e p i

) which are not known in dimension

2

under the weak assumption that

(K_{k})

be bounded in

L^{i} n f t y

and is allowed to change sign.

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