On the Morse-Novikov number for 2-knots

MaRDI QIDQ1687145zbMATH OpenFDO

Authors Hisaaki Endo, A. Pajitnov

Publication date 22 December 2017

Published in Osaka Journal of Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1502.06352, https://projecteuclid.org/euclid.ojm/1508486576

zbMATH Keywords

2-knotfibred knotMorse mapMorse-Novikov numberNovikov homologyspun knottunnel number

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Differentiable mappings in differential topology (57R35) Singularities of differentiable mappings in differential topology (57R45) Critical points and critical submanifolds in differential topology (57R70)

Abstract: Let $Ksubset{S}^4$ be a 2-knot, that is, a smoothly embedded 2-sphere in $S^4$. The Morse-Novikov number $mathcalMmathcalN(K)$ is the minimal possible number of critical points of a Morse map $S^{4}setminusKo{S}^1$ belonging to the canonical class in $H^1(S^{4}setminusK)$. We prove that for a classical knot $Ksubset{S}^3$ the Morse-Novikov number of the spun knot $S(K)$ is $leq2mathcalMmathcalN(K)$. This enables us to compute $mathcalMmathcalN(S(K))$ for every classical knot $K$ with tunnel number 1.

Review text

A 2-knot is a smooth embedding of \(S^2\) into \(S^{4}\). The Morse-Novikov number of a knot \(K\), denoted by \(\mathcal{MN}(K)\), is the minimal number of critical points of a regular Morse map \(f: C_K \to S^1\), where \(C_K\) is the complement of \(K\). The main results are as follows. The authors give lower bounds of \(\mathcal{MN}(K)\) for a 2-knot \(K\) by using the Novikov homology of \(C_K\). The authors introduce the notion of the saddle number \(sd(K)\) of a 2-knot \(K \subset \mathbb{R}^4\) -- the saddle number is the minimal number of saddle points of a generic projection of \(K\) to a line in \(\mathbb{R}^4\) -- and show that \(\mathcal{MN}(K) \leq 2 sd(K)\). A lower bound of \(sd(K)\) follows from the result for \(\mathcal{MN}(K)\). For a classical knot \(K \subset S^3\), we denote by \(S(K)\) the spun knot in \(S^4\) due to Artin. For a classical knot \(K \subset S^3\), \(\mathcal{MN}(S(K)) \leq 2 \mathcal{MN}(K)\); this result is shown for the \(p\)-spun knot \(S_p(K)\) (\(p \geq 1\)). For a classical knot \(K \subset S^3\) with \(\mathcal{MN}(K)=2\), \(\mathcal{MN}(S(K))=4\) and there is a strongly minimal Morse function on \(S^4 \backslash S(K)\). In particular, for a non-fibred classical knot \(K \subset S^3\) with tunnel number 1, \(\mathcal{MN}(S(K))=4\). Further, the authors consider the fibredness of high-dimensional spun knots. They close the paper by giving several open questions. \newline We review several terms. For an \(n\)-knot \(K^n \subset S^{n+2}\) and a natural number \(p\geq 1\), the \(p\)-spun knot \(S_p(K^n)\) is an \((n+p)\)-knot in \(S^{n+p+2}\), constructed from \(K^n\) by the superspinning, a generalization of the Artin construction of spun knots. For a 2-knot \(K\), a Morse map \(f: C_K \to S^1\) is strongly minimal if the number of critical points of index \(i\) is minimal in the class of all regular functions \(C_K \to S^1\), for every \(i=0, \ldots, 4\).

Recommendations

• Circle-valued Morse theory for frame spun knots and surface-links
• Unknotting the spun \(T^{2}\)-knot of a classical torus knot
• On the tunnel number and the Morse-Novikov number of knots
• Morse-Novikov number for knots and links
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 5211055

Cited in

(6)

• Knots with \(g(E(K))=2\) and \(g(E(K\#K\#K))=6\) and Morimoto's conjecture
• Morse-Novikov number for knots and links
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 5211055 (Why is no real title available?)
• The Morse–Novikov number of knots under connected sum and cabling
• Critical point theory in knot complements
• On the tunnel number and the Morse-Novikov number of knots

This page was built for publication: On the Morse-Novikov number for 2-knots

Report a bug (only for logged in users!)Click here to report a bug for this page (MaRDI item Q1687145)