Singular systems of linear forms and non-escape of mass in the space of lattices
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Publication:1687975
Abstract: Singular systems of linear forms were introduced by Khintchine in the 1920s, and it was shown by Dani in the 1980s that they are in one-to-one correspondence with certain divergent orbits of one- parameter diagonal groups on the space of lattices. We give a (conjecturally sharp) upper bound on the Hausdorff dimension of singular systems of linear forms (equivalently the set of points with divergent trajectories) as well as the dimension of the set of points with trajectories 'escaping on average' (a notion weaker than divergence). This extends work by Cheung, as well as by Chevallier and Cheung, on the vector case. Our method differs considerably from that of Cheung and Chevallier, and is based on the method of integral inequalities developed by Eskin, Margulis and Mozes.
Consider the space \(X_{m+n}\) of unimodular \((m+n)\)-lattices and the action of \[ g_t=\mathrm{diag}(e^{nt}, \ldots , e^{nt}, e^{-mt}, \ldots , e^{-mt}) \] on \(X_{m+n}\). Let \(U\) be the corresponding horospherical subgroup. Khintchine introduced singular systems of \(m\) linear forms in \(n\) variables for real \(m\times n\)-matrices \(M_{m,n}\). \textit{S. G. Dani} [J. Reine Angew. Math. 359, 55--89 (1985; Zbl 0578.22012)] proved that \(s \in M_{m,n}\) is singular iff the corresponding trajectory in \(X_{m+n}\) is divergent. If \(m=n=1\), divergent trajectories are degenerate (in this case, the Hausdorff dimension of such trajectories is zero). However if \(m\) or \(n\) is bigger than one, computing the Hausdorff dimension of divergent trajectories is a difficult problem. An upper bound for Hausdorff dimensions of trajectories that escape on average and those that are singular on average is estimated. There are also results on bounds of entropy of invariant measures on \(X_{m+n}\).
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