Incidences between points and lines on two- and three-dimensional varieties

DOI10.1007/S00454-017-9940-5zbMATH Open1388.14109arXiv1609.09026OpenAlexW2964031590MaRDI QIDQ1702347FDOQ1702347

Micha Sharir, Noam Solomon

Publication date: 28 February 2018

Published in: Discrete \& Computational Geometry (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: Let $P$ be a set of $m$ points and $L$ a set of $n$ lines in $mathbb{R}^4$, such that the points of $P$ lie on an algebraic three-dimensional surface of degree $D$ that does not contain hyperplane or quadric components, and no 2-flat contains more than $s$ lines of $L$. We show that the number of incidences between $P$ and $L$ is ${\displaystyle }$ I(P,L) = Oleft(m^{1/2}n^{1/2}D + m^{2/3}n^{1/3}s^{1/3} + nD + m ight) , ${\displaystyle }$ for some absolute constant of proportionality. This significantly improves the bound of the authors, for arbitrary sets of points and lines in $mathbb{R}^4$, when $D$ is not too large. The same bound holds when the three-dimensional surface is embedded in any higher dimensional space. For the proof of this bound, we revisit certain parts of [Sharir-Solomon16], combined with the following new incidence bound. Let $P$ be a set of $m$ points and $L$ a set of $n$ lines in $mathbb{R}^d$, for $dge3$, which lie in a common two-dimensional algebraic surface of degree $D$ (assumed to be $ll{n}^{1/2}$) that does not contain any 2-flat, so that no 2-flat contains more than $s$ lines of $L$ (here we require that the lines of $L$ also be contained in the surface). Then the number of incidences between $P$ and $L$ is ${\displaystyle }$ I(P,L) = Oleft(m^{1/2}n^{1/2}D^{1/2} + m^{2/3}D^{2/3}s^{1/3} + m + n ight). ${\displaystyle }$ When $d=3$, this improves the bound of Guth and Katz for this special case, when $Dll{n}^{1/2}$. Moreover, the bound does not involve the term $O(nD)$, that arises in most standard approaches, and its removal is a significant aspect of our result. Finally, we also obtain (slightly weaker) variants of both results over the complex field. For two-dimensional varieties, the bound is as in the real case, with an added term of $O(D^3)$. For three-dimensional varieties, the bound is as in the real case, with an added term of $O(D^6)$.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1609.09026

zbMATH Keywords

polynomial partitioningruled surfacesgeometric incidencesalgebraic techniques for discrete geometrylines on varieties

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Fano varieties (14J45) Grassmannians, Schubert varieties, flag manifolds (14M15) Erd?s problems and related topics of discrete geometry (52C10) Surfaces in Euclidean and related spaces (53A05) Special surfaces (14J25) Combinatorial complexity of geometric structures (52C45) Extremal combinatorics (05D99) Surfaces and higher-dimensional varieties (14J99)

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