Some more amplituhedra are contractible

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Abstract: The amplituhedra arise as images of the totally nonnegative Grassmannians by projections that are induced by linear maps. They were introduced in Physics by Arkani-Hamed & Trnka (Journal of High Energy Physics, 2014) as model spaces that should provide a better understanding of the scattering amplitudes of quantum field theories. The topology of the amplituhedra has been known only in a few special cases, where they turned out to be homeomorphic to balls. The amplituhedra are special cases of Grassmann polytopes introduced by Lam (Current Developments in Mathematics 2014, Int. Press). In this paper we show that that some further amplituhedra are homeomorphic to balls, and that some more Grassmann polytopes and amplituhedra are contractible.


The \textit{totally nonnegative Grassmannian} $G_k^{\geq0}(\mathbb R^n)$, $1\leq k\leq n$, is the orbit space obtained from the space of real $k\times n$ matrices with all $k$-minors nonnegative via the action (by matrix multiplication from the left) of the group $\mathrm{GL}_k^+(\mathbb R)$. There is a $\mathrm CW$-decomposition of $G_k^{\geq0}(\mathbb R^n)$ into the \textit{positroid cells} and for a certain kind of $(k+m)\times n$ matrix $Z$ (where $m\geq0$ and $k+m\leq n$) a map $\widetilde Z:G_k^{\geq0}(\mathbb R^n)\rightarrow G_k(\mathbb R^{k+m})$. The image of a closed positroid cell $\overline e$ by this map is called a \textit{Grassmann polytope} and is denoted by $P_Z(e)$. If $e$ is the maximal cell in this $\mathrm CW$-decomposition, then $\overline e=G_k^{\geq0}(\mathbb R^n)$, and $P_Z(e)=\widetilde Z(G_k^{\geq0}(\mathbb R^n))$ is called an \textit{amplituhedron} and is denoted by $\mathcal A_{n,k,m}(Z)$. Amplituhedra were introduced in physics as a tool for facilitating calculations in some quantum field theories. In a few cases it is known that amplituhedra are homeomorphic to balls. \par In this paper the authors consider the case $n=k+m+1$. They show that in this case every Grassmann polytope $P_Z(e)$ is contractible. The proof relies on the Whitehead theorem -- it is shown that $P_Z(e)$ has the homotopy type of a $\mathrm CW$-complex (moreover, it admits a triangulation) and that the restriction $\widetilde Z|_{\overline e}:\overline e\rightarrow P_Z(e)$ is a weak homotopy equivalence, and so the result follows from the (known) fact that $\overline e$ is contractible. The authors also prove that if $m$ is even and if $Z$ is a $(k+m)\times(k+m+1)$ matrix with all $(k+m)$-minors positive, then the amplituhedron $\mathcal A_{k+m+1,k,m}(Z)$ is homeomorphic to a ball of dimension $km$.











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