Decompositions of amplituhedra

DOI10.4171/AIHPD/87MaRDI QIDQ826433zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors N. E. Zubov

Publication date 4 January 2021

Published in Annales de l'Institut Henri Poincaré D. Combinatorics, Physics and their Interactions (AIHPD) (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1708.09525

zbMATH Keywords

amplituhedronBCFW recursionNarayana numberplane partitionscattering amplitudetotally nonnegative Grassmannian

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Combinatorial identities, bijective combinatorics (05A19) Algebraic combinatorics (05E99) Grassmannians, Schubert varieties, flag manifolds (14M15) Positive matrices and their generalizations; cones of matrices (15B48) Arrangements of points, flats, hyperplanes (aspects of discrete geometry) (52C35) Yang-Mills and other gauge theories in quantum field theory (81T13) Supersymmetric field theories in quantum mechanics (81T60) (S)-matrix theory, etc. in quantum theory (81U20)

Abstract: The (tree) amplituhedron A(n,k,m) is the image in the Grassmannian Gr(k,k+m) of the totally nonnegative part of Gr(k,n), under a (map induced by a) linear map which is totally positive. It was introduced by Arkani-Hamed and Trnka in 2013 in order to give a geometric basis for the computation of scattering amplitudes in N=4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory. In the case relevant to physics (m=4), there is a collection of recursively-defined 4k-dimensional BCFW cells in the totally nonnegative part of Gr(k,n), whose images conjecturally "triangulate" the amplituhedron--that is, their images are disjoint and cover a dense subset of A(n,k,4). In this paper, we approach this problem by first giving an explicit (as opposed to recursive) description of the BCFW cells. We then develop sign-variational tools which we use to prove that when k=2, the images of these cells are disjoint in A(n,k,4). We also conjecture that for arbitrary even m, there is a decomposition of the amplituhedron A(n,k,m) involving precisely M(k, n-k-m, m/2) top-dimensional cells (of dimension km), where M(a,b,c) is the number of plane partitions contained in an a x b x c box. This agrees with the fact that when m=4, the number of BCFW cells is the Narayana number N(n-3, k+1).

Review text

The paper deals with the anatomy of a certain subset of \textit{amplituhedra} which are special images of Grassmannians. The authors give a new explicit description of those objects (so-called BCFW cells) and develop some tools. In the introduction, a conjecture about triangulation of the amplituhedron is stated which is going to be understood deeper within the article. Section 2 gives the background on the totally nonnegative Grassmannian and combinatorial objects. Furthermore, some important information on plabic graphs and hook diagrams is given. In Section 3 the background on sign variation, where in section 4 the \(m=2\) amplituhedron is highlighted as warmup for the \(m=4\) amplituhedron. There the recursion in the style of BCFW and the hook diagrams are given. Section 5 deals with binary trees and BCFW plabic graphs. In the following sections the prerequisites given before are applied for the BCFW cells for several cases where the triangulation is picked up in section 12. The appendix gives information on the Dyck paths and BCFW domino bases.

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Cited in

(35)

• Quantum deformation of planar amplitudes
• Some more amplituhedra are contractible
• The \(m=1\) amplituhedron and cyclic hyperplane arrangements
• Positively hyperbolic varieties, tropicalization, and positroids
• Positive geometry, local triangulations, and the dual of the amplituhedron
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