Refined Heinz-Kato-Löwner inequalities

DOI10.4171/JST/239MaRDI QIDQ1733073zbMATH OpenWikidataFDO

Publication date 20 March 2019

Published in Journal of Spectral Theory (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1608.05050

Cauchy-Schwarz inequality Heinz-Kato inequality cordes inequality McIntosh inequality Löwner-Heinz inequality

Norms (inequalities, more than one norm, etc.) of linear operators (47A30) Miscellaneous inequalities involving matrices (15A45) Linear operator inequalities (47A63)

Abstract: A version of the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality in operator theory is the following: for any two symmetric, positive definite matrices

A, B i n m a t h b b R^{n i m e s n}

and arbitrary

X i n m a t h b b R^{n i m e s n}

|AXB| leq |A^2 X|^{frac{1}{2}} |X B^2|^{frac{1}{2}}.

This inequality is classical and equivalent to the celebrated Heinz-L"owner, Heinz-Kato and Cordes inequalities. We characterize cases of equality: in particular, after factoring out the symmetry coming from multiplication with scalars

| A^{2} X | = 1 = | X B^{2} |

, the case of equality requires that

A

and

B

have a common eigenvalue

l a m b d a_{i} = m u_{j}

. We also derive improved estimates and show that if either

l a m b d a_{i} l a m b d a_{j} = m u_{k}^{2}

or

l a m b d a_{i}^{2} = m u_{j} m u_{k}

does not have a solution, i.e. if

d > 0

where �egin{align*} d &= min_{1 leq i,j,k leq n} { | log{ lambda_i} + log{ lambda_j} - 2log{ mu_k}|:lambda_i, lambda_j in sigma(A), mu_k in sigma(B) } &+min_{1 leq i,j,k leq n}{ | 2log{lambda_i} - log{ mu_j} - log{mu_k } |:lambda_i in sigma(A), mu_j, mu_k in sigma(B) }, end{align*} then there is an improved inequality

|AXB| leq (1 - c_{n,d})|A^2 X|^{frac{1}{2}} |X B^2|^{frac{1}{2}}

for some

c_{n, d} > 0

that only depends only on

n

and

d

. We obtain similar results for the McIntosh inequality and the Cordes inequality and expect the method to have many further applications.

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