Measurement uncertainty relations for discrete observables: relative entropy formulation

DOI10.1007/S00220-017-3075-7zbMATH Open1503.81011arXiv1608.01986OpenAlexW2479993875MaRDI QIDQ1741982FDOQ1741982

Authors: A. Barchielli, Matteo Gregoratti, Alessandro Toigo 

Publication date: 11 April 2018

Published in: Communications in Mathematical Physics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: We introduce a new information-theoretic formulation of quantum measurement uncertainty relations, based on the notion of relative entropy between measurement probabilities. In the case of a finite-dimensional system and for any approximate joint measurement of two target discrete observables, we define the entropic divergence as the maximal total loss of information occurring in the approximation at hand. For fixed target observables, we study the joint measurements minimizing the entropic divergence, and we prove the general properties of its minimum value. Such a minimum is our uncertainty lower bound: the total information lost by replacing the target observables with their optimal approximations, evaluated at the worst possible state. The bound turns out to be also an entropic incompatibility degree, that is, a good information-theoretic measure of incompatibility: indeed, it vanishes if and only if the target observables are compatible, it is state-independent, and it enjoys all the invariance properties which are desirable for such a measure. In this context, we point out the difference between general approximate joint measurements and sequential approximate joint measurements; to do this, we introduce a separate index for the tradeoff between the error of the first measurement and the disturbance of the second one. By exploiting the symmetry properties of the target observables, exact values, lower bounds and optimal approximations are evaluated in two different concrete examples: (1) a couple of spin-1/2 components (not necessarily orthogonal); (2) two Fourier conjugate mutually unbiased bases in prime power dimension. Finally, the entropic incompatibility degree straightforwardly generalizes to the case of many observables, still maintaining all its relevant properties; we explicitly compute it for three orthogonal spin-1/2 components.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1608.01986

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zbMATH Keywords

discrete observables

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Coding theorems (Shannon theory) (94A24) Applications of Lie groups to the sciences; explicit representations (22E70) Best approximation, Chebyshev systems (41A50) Quantum measurement theory, state operations, state preparations (81P15) Spinor and twistor methods applied to problems in quantum theory (81R25) Uncertainty relations, also entropic (81S07) Special bases (entangled, mutual unbiased, etc.) (81P55)

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Cited In (5)

• Entropic uncertainty bound for open pointer-based simultaneous measurements of conjugate observables
• Measurement uncertainty relations
• Optimal covariant quantum measurements
• Uncertainty relations in simultaneous measurements for arbitrary observables
• On the entropic formulation of uncertainty for quantum measurements

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