Measurement uncertainty for finite quantum observables

DOI10.3390/MATH4020038zbMATH Open1360.81041arXiv1604.00382OpenAlexW2316516758MaRDI QIDQ515437FDOQ515437

Authors: René Schwonnek, David Reeb, Reinhard F. Werner 

Publication date: 16 March 2017

Published in: Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: Measurement uncertainty relations are lower bounds on the errors of any approximate joint measurement of two or more quantum observables. The aim of this paper is to provide methods to compute optimal bounds of this type. The basic method is semidefinite programming, which we apply to arbitrary finite collections of projective observables on a finite dimensional Hilbert space. The quantification of errors is based on an arbitrary cost function, which assigns a penalty to getting result $x$ rather than y, for any pair (x,y). This induces a notion of optimal transport cost for a pair of probability distributions, and we include an appendix with a short summary of optimal transport theory as needed in our context. There are then different ways to form an overall figure of merit from the comparison of distributions. We consider three, which are related to different physical testing scenarios. The most thorough test compares the transport distances between the marginals of a joint measurement and the reference observables for every input state. Less demanding is a test just on the states for which a "true value" is known in the sense that the reference observable yields a definite outcome. Finally, we can measure a deviation as a single expectation value by comparing the two observables on the two parts of a maximally entangled state. All three error quantities have the property that they vanish if and only if the tested observable is equal to the reference. The theory is illustrated with some characteristic examples.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1604.00382

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zbMATH Keywords

optimal transportsemidefinite programminguncertainty relationsmeasurement uncertaintyerror-disturbance tradeoff

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Analysis of variance and covariance (ANOVA) (62J10) Vector-valued measures and integration (46G10) Contextuality in quantum theory (81P13) Quantum measurement theory, state operations, state preparations (81P15) Transport processes in time-dependent statistical mechanics (82C70)

Cites Work

• Semidefinite Programming
• Graph implementations for nonsmooth convex programs
• Statistical decision theory for quantum systems
• Optimum testing of multiple hypotheses in quantum detection theory
• On general minimax theorems
• Measurement uncertainty relations
• The uncertainty relation for joint measurement of position and momentum
• Concept of experimental accuracy and simultaneous measurements of position and momentum
• On von Neumann's minimax theorem
• Quantum harmonic analysis on phase space
• Approximate joint measurements of qubit observables

Cited In (17)

• Improved unitary uncertainty relations
• The Optimal Uncertainty Relation
• Optimal measurements in quantum mechanics
• Measurement uncertainty relations for discrete observables: relative entropy formulation
• Approximate joint measurements of qubit observables
• Measurement uncertainty relations
• Intrinsic unsharpness and approximate repeatability of quantum measurements
• The Wigner distribution of \(n\) arbitrary observables
• Universal Uncertainty Principle, Simultaneous Measurability, and Weak Values
• Real-valued observables and quantum uncertainty
• Measurement uncertainty relations: characterising optimal error bounds for qubits
• Uncertainty from Heisenberg to today
• Uncertainties in quantum measurements: a quantum tomography
• Determinate Values for Quantum Observables
• Infinitely Divisible Measurements in Quantum Probability Theory
• UNCERTAINTY PRINCIPLE FOR QUANTUM INSTRUMENTS AND COMPUTING
• Universality and optimality in the information-disturbance tradeoff

Uses Software

• CVX

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