Uncertainties in quantum measurements: a quantum tomography

DOI10.1088/1751-8121/AC6A2CMaRDI QIDQ5048567zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors

Publication date 16 November 2022

Published in Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2112.07520

zbMATH Keywords

abelian algebrasKadison-Singerquantum measurementquantum tomography

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Quantum state tomography, quantum state discrimination (81P18)

Abstract: The observables associated with a quantum system $S$ form a non-commutative algebra ${mathcalA}_S$. It is assumed that a density matrix $ho$ can be determined from the expectation values of observables. But $mathcal{A}_S$ admits inner automorphisms $amapstoua{u}^{-1},;a,uin{mathcalA}_S$, $u^{\ast }u=u^{\ast }u=1$, so that its individual elements can be identified only up to unitary transformations. So since $mathrmTrho(ua{u}^{\ast })=mathrmTr(u^{\ast }hou)a$, only the spectrum of $ho$, or its characteristic polynomial, can be determined in quantum mechanics. In local quantum field theory, $ho$ cannot be determined at all, as we shall explain. However, abelian algebras do not have inner automorphisms, so the measurement apparatus can determine mean values of observables in abelian algebras ${mathcalA}_{M}subset{mathcalA}_S$ ($M$ for measurement, $S$ for system). We study the uncertainties in extending $ho{|}_{{mathcalA}_M}$ to $ho{|}_{{mathcalA}_S}$ (the determination of which means measurement of ${mathcalA}_S$) and devise a protocol to determine $ho{|}_{{mathcalA}_S}equivho$ by determining $ho{|}_{{mathcalA}_M}$ for different choices of ${mathcalA}_M$. The problem we formulate and study is a generalization of the Kadison-Singer theorem. We give an example where the system $S$ is a particle on a circle and the experiment measures the abelian algebra of a magnetic field $B$ coupled to $S$. The measurement of $B$ gives information about the state $ho$ of the system $S$ due to operator mixing. Associated uncertainty principles for von Neumann entropy are discussed in the appendix, adapting the earlier work of Bia{l}ynicki-Birula and Mycielski to the present case.

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Cited in

(3)

• On the Unpredictability of Individual Quantum Measurement Outcomes
• Intrinsic unsharpness and approximate repeatability of quantum measurements
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 5568325 (Why is no real title available?)

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