Measurement uncertainty relations: characterising optimal error bounds for qubits
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Abstract: In standard formulations of the uncertainty principle, two fundamental features are typically cast as impossibility statements: two noncommuting observables cannot in general both be sharply defined (for the same state), nor can they be measured jointly. The pioneers of quantum mechanics were acutely aware and puzzled by this fact, and it motivated Heisenberg to seek a mitigation, which he formulated in his seminal paper of 1927. He provided intuitive arguments to show that the values of, say, the position and momentum of a particle can at least be unsharply defined, and they can be measured together provided some approximation errors are allowed. Only now, nine decades later, a working theory of approximate joint measurements is taking shape, leading to rigorous and experimentally testable formulations of associated error tradeoff relations. Here we briefly review this new development, explaining the concepts and steps taken in the construction of optimal joint approximations of pairs of incompatible observables. As a case study, we deduce measurement uncertainty relations for qubit observables using two distinct error measures. We provide an operational interpretation of the error bounds and discuss some of the first experimental tests of such relations.
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Cited in
(16)- Characterizing error propagation in quantum circuits: the isotropic index
- Measurement uncertainty relations for discrete observables: relative entropy formulation
- Complementary observables in quantum mechanics
- Optimal condition for measurement observable via error-propagation
- Approximate joint measurement of qubit observables through an Arthur-Kelly model
- Two basic uncertainty relations in quantum mechanics
- A Hybrid Quantum-Classical Approach to Mitigating Measurement Errors in Quantum Algorithms
- Intrinsic unsharpness and approximate repeatability of quantum measurements
- Approximate joint measurements of qubit observables
- Uncertainties in quantum measurements: a quantum tomography
- Measurement uncertainty for finite quantum observables
- Measurement uncertainty relations
- Two-sided bounds on minimum-error quantum measurement, on the reversibility of quantum dynamics, and on maximum overlap using directional iterates
- Uncertainty relations for joint localizability and joint measurability in finite-dimensional systems
- Research opportunities arising from measurement and estimation of quantum systems
- Error tradeoff uncertainty relations for three observables
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