Fredholm differential operators with unbounded coefficients

DOI10.1016/J.JDE.2003.10.018MaRDI QIDQ1763671zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Yuri Latushkin, Yuri Tomilov

Publication date 22 February 2005

Published in Journal of Differential Equations (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/math-ph/0308002

zbMATH Keywords

exponential dichotomytravelling wavesFredholm operatorsFredholm indexspectral flowevolution semigroupsdifferential and difference operatorspairs of subspaces

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

General topics in linear spectral theory for PDEs (35P05) (Semi-) Fredholm operators; index theories (47A53) Index theory and related fixed-point theorems on manifolds (58J20) Initial value problems for linear first-order PDEs (35F10) One-parameter semigroups and linear evolution equations (47D06) Variational problems in infinite-dimensional spaces (58E99)

Abstract: We prove that a first order linear differential operator G with unbounded operator coefficients is Fredholm on spaces of functions on the real line with values in a reflexive Banach space if and only if the corresponding strongly continuous evolution family has exponential dichotomies on both semiaxises and a pair of the ranges of the dichotomy projections is Fredholm, and that the Fredholm index of G is equal to the Fredholm index of the pair. The operator G is the generator of the evolution semigroup associated with the evolution family. In the case when the evolution family is the propagator of a well-posed differential equation u'(t)=A(t)u(t) with, generally, unbounded operators A(t), the operator G is a closure of the operator -d/dt+A(t). Thus, this paper provides a complete infinite dimensional generalization of well-known finite dimensional results by K. Palmer, and by A. Ben-Artzi and I. Gohberg.

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