On the Witten index in terms of spectral shift functions

DOI10.1007/S11854-017-0003-XMaRDI QIDQ2408400zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Denis Potapov, A. L. Carey, Fritz Gesztesy, Fedor Sukochev, Yuri Tomilov

Publication date 12 October 2017

Published in Journal d'Analyse Mathématique (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1404.0740

zbMATH Keywords

model operator spectral shift function trace class perturbation regularized indices resolvent regularized Witten index

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

(Semi-) Fredholm operators; index theories (47A53)

Abstract: We study the model operator

m a t h b f D_{m a t h b f A} = (d / d t) + m a t h b f A

in

L^{2} (m a t h b b R; m a t h c a l H)

associated with the operator path

{A (t)}_{t = - i n f t y}^{i n f t y}

, where

(m a t h b f A f) (t) = A (t) f (t)

for a.e.

t i n m a t h b b R

, and appropriate

f i n L^{2} (m a t h b b R; m a t h c a l H)

(with

m a t h c a l H

a separable, complex Hilbert space). Denoting by

A_{p m}

the norm resolvent limits of

A (t)

as

t o p m i n f t y

, our setup permits

A (t)

in

m a t h c a l H

to be an unbounded, relatively trace class perturbation of the unbounded self-adjoint operator

A_{-}

, and no discrete spectrum assumptions are made on

A_{p m}

. We introduce resolvent and semigroup regularized Witten indices of

m a t h b f D_{m a t h b f A}

, denoted by

W_{r}

and

W_{s}

, and prove that these regularized indices coincide with the Fredholm index of

m a t h b f D_{m a t h b f A}

whenever the latter is Fredholm. In situations where

m a t h b f D_{m a t h b f A}

ceases to be a Fredholm operator in

L^{2} (m a t h b b R; m a t h c a l H)

we compute its resolvent (resp., semigroup) regularized Witten index in terms of the spectral shift function

x i (, c d o t,; A_{+}, A_{-})

associated with the pair

(A_{+}, A_{-})

as follows: Assuming

0

to be a right and a left Lebesgue point of

x i (, c d o t,,; A_{+}, A_{-})

, denoted by

x i_{L} (0_{+}; A_{+}, A_{-})

and

x i_{L} (0_{-}; A_{+}, A_{-})

, we prove that

0

is also a right Lebesgue point of

x i (, c d o t,,; m a t h b f H_{2}, m a t h b f H_{1})

, denoted by

x i_{L} (0_{+}; m a t h b f H_{2}, m a t h b f H_{1})

, and that �egin{align*} W_r(mathbf{D}_{mathbf{A}}) &= W_s(mathbf{D}_{mathbf{A}}) \ & = xi_L(0_+; mathbf{H_2}, mathbf{H_1}) \ & = [xi_L(0_+; A_+,A_-) + xi_L(0_-; A_+, A_-)]/2, end{align*} the principal result of this paper. In the special case where

d i m (m a t h c a l H) < i n f t y

, we prove that the Witten indices of

m a t h b f D_{m a t h b f A}

are either integer, or half-integer-valued.

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