Perturbation of singular equilibria of hyperbolic two-component systems: a universal hydrodynamic limit

Hyperbolic conservation laws (35L65) PDEs in connection with fluid mechanics (35Q35) Compressible fluids and gas dynamics (76N99) Interacting particle systems in time-dependent statistical mechanics (82C22)

Abstract: We consider one-dimensional, locally finite interacting particle systems with two conservation laws which under Eulerian hydrodynamic limit lead to two-by-two systems of conservation laws: pt ho +px Psi( ho, u)=0 pt u+px Phi( ho,u)=0, with

(h o, u) i n c a l D s u b s e t R^{2}

, where

c a l D

is a convex compact polygon in

R^{2}

. The system is typically strictly hyperbolic in the interior of

c a l D

with possible non-hyperbolic degeneracies on the boundary

p a r t i a l c a l D

. We consider the case of isolated singular (i.e. non hyperbolic) point on the interior of one of the edges of

c a l D

, call it

(h o_{0}, u_{0}) = (0, 0)

and assume

c a l D s u b s e t h o g e 0

. This can be achieved by a linear transformation of the conserved quantities. We investigate the propagation of small nonequilibrium perturbations of the steady state of the microscopic interacting particle system, corresponding to the densities

(h o_{0}, u_{0})

of the conserved quantities. We prove that for a very rich class of systems, under proper hydrodynamic limit the propagation of these small perturbations are emph{universally} driven by the two-by-two system pt ho + px�ig( ho u�ig)=0 pt u + px�ig( ho + gamma u^2�ig) =0 where the parameter

g a m m a := f r a c 12 P h i_{u u} (h o_{0}, u_{0})

(with a proper choice of space and time scale) is the only trace of the microscopic structure. The proof is valid for the cases with

g a m m a > 1

. [truncated]

Review text

The authors consider the system of conservation laws \[ \partial_t \rho +\partial_x\Psi(\rho,u)=0\tag{1} \] \[ \partial_t u+\partial_x\Phi (\rho, u)=0 \] with \(t\in (0,\infty)\) and \(x\) varying in the unit forms, with \((\rho, u)\) taking values in a convex compact polygon in \(\mathbb R^2\). The basic requirement is that the system is strictly hyperbolic in (1) with the only exception of an edge point \((\rho_0, u_0)\). In this rather massive paper they address the interesting question of the propagation of small perturbations from the singular equilibrium point. They prove that such perturbations are \textit{universally} driven by the system \[ \partial_t\rho +\partial_x(\rho u)=0\tag{2} \] \[ \partial_t u+\partial_x(\rho+\gamma u^2)=0 \] in which the only trace of the original system is the parameter \(\gamma =\dfrac{1}{2}\Phi_{uu}(\rho_0, u_0)\). System (2) is known to arise in a number of applications, depending on the value of \(\gamma\). The proof is by far not trivial and goes through several delicate estimates.

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