The weak and strong Lefschetz properties for Artinian K-algebras

DOI10.1016/S0021-8693(03)00038-3zbMATH1018.13001MaRDI QIDQ1810554FDOQ1810554

Authors Tadahito Harima, Juan C. Migliore, Uwe Nagel, Junzo Watanabe

Publication date 9 June 2003

Published in Journal of Algebra (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/math/0208201

zbMATH Keywords

graded Betti numbersstrong Lefschetz propertyweak Lefschetz propertyHilbert functionsgraded Artinian algebraheight-three complete intersection

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Graded rings (13A02) Commutative Artinian rings and modules, finite-dimensional algebras (13E10) Associated graded rings of ideals (Rees ring, form ring), analytic spread and related topics (13A30)

Abstract: Let A = bigoplus_{i >= 0} A_i be a standard graded Artinian K-algebra, where char K = 0. Then A has the Weak Lefschetz property if there is an element ell of degree 1 such that the multiplication times ell : A_i --> A_{i+1} has maximal rank, for every i, and A has the Strong Lefschetz property if times ell^d : A_i --> A_{i+d} has maximal rank for every i and d. The main results obtained in this paper are the following. 1) EVERY height three complete intersection has the Weak Lefschetz property. (Our method, surprisingly, uses rank two vector bundles on P^2 and the Grauert-Mulich theorem.) 2) We give a complete characterization (including a concrete construction) of the Hilbert functions that can occur for K-algebras with the Weak or Strong Lefschetz property (and the characterization is the same one). 3) We give a sharp bound on the graded Betti numbers (achieved by our construction) of Artinian K-algebras with the Weak or Strong Lefschetz property and fixed Hilbert function. This bound is again the same for both properties. Some Hilbert functions in fact FORCE the algebra to have the maximal Betti numbers. 4) EVERY Artinian ideal in K[x,y] possesses the Strong Lefschetz property. This is false in higher codimension.

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