On mixed Hessians and the Lefschetz properties

DOI10.1016/J.JPAA.2019.01.008MaRDI QIDQ2001391zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Rodrigo Gondim, Giuseppe Zappalà

Publication date 3 July 2019

Published in Journal of Pure and Applied Algebra (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1803.09664

zbMATH Keywords

algebra presented by quadricsArtinian Gorenstein algebraBoolean algebrasmixed Hessianstrong Lefschetz propertyTuran algebrasweak Lefschetz property

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Combinatorial aspects of commutative algebra (05E40) Graded rings (13A02) Hilbert-Samuel and Hilbert-Kunz functions; Poincaré series (13D40) Commutative Artinian rings and modules, finite-dimensional algebras (13E10)

Abstract: We introduce a new type of Hessian matrix, that we call Mixed Hessian. The mixed Hessian is used to compute the rank of a multiplication map by a power of a linear form in a standard graded Artinian Gorenstein algebra. In particular we recover the main result of cite{MW} for identifying Strong Lefschetz elements, generalizing it also for Weak Lefschetz elements. This criterion is also used to give a new proof that Boolean algebras have the Strong Lefschetz Property (SLP). We also construct new examples of Artinian Gorenstein algebras presented by quadrics that does not satisfy the Weak Lefschetz Property (WLP); we construct minimal examples of such algebras and we give bounds, depending on the degree, for their existence. Artinian Gorenstein algebras presented by quadrics were conjectured to satisfy WLP in cite{MN1,MN2}, and in a previous paper we construct the first counter-examples (see cite{GZ}).

Review text

For a graded Artinian algebra \(A\), the strong Lefschetz property (SLP) means that the multiplication \(\times \ell^d : [A]_{t-d} \rightarrow [A]_t\) has maximal rank, for all \(t\) and all \(d\). The weak Lefschetz property (WLP) is the case \(d=1\) of \(SLP\). The Hessian matrix of a homogeneous polymomial \(f\) is the matrix of its second derivatives and its Hessian is the determinant of this matrix. The study of such matrices, and their connections to the geometry of the hypersurface defined by \(f\) go back to Gauss. Hessians of higher degree were introduced by Maeno and Watanabe, who used them to study the SLP for Artinian Gorenstein algebras. An algebra is presented by quadrics if it is isomorphic to the quotient of a polynomial ring by a homogeneous ideal generated by quadrics. In a previous paper, the authors used Hessians to disprove a conjecture of the reviewer and Nagel about Artinian Gorenstein algebras presented by quadrics, namely that such algebras necessarily have the WLP. They produced a family of counterexamples. In this paper the authors return to this family to extend their earlier work. To do this, they introduce mixed Hessians and show their connection to the Lefschetz properties. They also refine the combinatorial methods used in their earlier paper. They address the question of finding algebras of minimal codimension failing WLP. In socle degree 3 they produce an example in codimension 8. More generally they have nice results giving bounds.

Recommendations

• On higher Hessians and the Lefschetz properties
• Lefschetz elements of Artinian Gorenstein algebras and hessians of homogeneous polynomials
• On the weak-Lefschetz property for Artinian Gorenstein algebras
• The Jordan type of graded Artinian Gorenstein algebras
• Lefschetz properties for Artinian Gorenstein algebras presented by quadrics

Cites work

• A geometrical approach to Gordan-Noether's and Franchetta's contributions to a question posed by Hesse
• A nonunimodal graded gorenstein artin algebra in codimension five
• A tour of the weak and strong Lefschetz properties
• Gorenstein algebras presented by quadrics
• Graded gorenstein artin algebras whose hilbert functions have a large number of valleys
• Gröbner bases for spaces of quadrics of low codimension.
• Hilbert functions of graded algebras
• Homaloidal hypersurfaces and hypersurfaces with vanishing Hessian
• Homogeneous quasi-translations in dimension 5
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 5799752 (Why is no real title available?)
• Hypersurface complements, Milnor fibers and higher homotopy groups of arrangements
• Lefschetz elements of Artinian Gorenstein algebras and hessians of homogeneous polynomials
• Lefschetz properties for Artinian Gorenstein algebras presented by quadrics
• Monomial derivations
• Nonunimodality of Graded Gorenstein Artin Algebras
• On Complete Intersections and Their Hilbert Functions
• On cubic hypersurfaces with vanishing Hessian
• On higher Hessians and the Lefschetz properties
• On the geometry of some special projective varieties
• On the theory of Gordan-Noether on homogeneous forms with zero Hessian
• Some Properties of Differentiable Varieties and Transformations
• The determinants of certain matrices arising from the Boolean lattice
• The Lefschetz properties
• The weak and strong Lefschetz properties for Artinian \(K\)-algebras
• Weyl Groups, the Hard Lefschetz Theorem, and the Sperner Property
• When does the Hessian determinant vanish identically? (On Gordan and Noether's proof of Hesse's claim)

Cited in

(27)

• On higher Hessians and the Lefschetz properties
• Jordan types with small parts for Artinian Gorenstein algebras of codimension three
• Complete intersection Jordan types in height two
• Lefschetz properties in algebra, geometry and combinatorics. Abstracts from the workshop held September 27 -- October 3, 2020 (hybrid meeting)
• Lefschetz elements of Artinian Gorenstein algebras and hessians of homogeneous polynomials
• The Jordan type of graded Artinian Gorenstein algebras
• Lefschetz properties for higher order Nagata idealizations
• On the Lefschetz and Hodge-Riemann theorems
• Waring problems and the Lefschetz properties
• Lefschetz properties of some codimension three Artinian Gorenstein algebras
• Perazzo 3-folds and the weak Lefschetz property
• On mixed Hodge–Riemann relations for translation-invariant valuations and Aleksandrov–Fenchel inequalities
• On binomial complete intersections
• The weak Lefschetz property for standard graded, Artinian Gorenstein algebras of embedding dimension four and socle degree three
• The strong Lefschetz property of Gorenstein algebras generated by relative invariants
• Perazzo \(n\)-folds and the weak Lefschetz property
• A note on Jordan types and Jordan degree types
• Jordan type of an Artinian algebra, a survey
• Hilbert functions and Jordan type of Perazzo Artinian algebras
• Lefschetz properties for quadratic Stanley-Reisner artinianizations and their idealizations
• On higher Jacobians, Laplace equations, and Lefschetz properties
• Jordan degree type for codimension three Gorenstein algebras of small Sperner number
• The Lefschetz properties
• Nagata idealizations and doublings
• Artinian Gorenstein algebras of socle degree three which have the weak Lefschetz property
• Higher order Jacobians, Hessians and Milnor algebras
• The eigenvalues of Hessian matrices of the complete and complete bipartite graphs

This page was built for publication: On mixed Hessians and the Lefschetz properties

Report a bug (only for logged in users!)Click here to report a bug for this page (MaRDI item Q2001391)