Length of the instability intervals for Hill's equation

DOI10.1023/B:MATH.0000032748.69047.08MaRDI QIDQ1877319zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Malik Mamode

Publication date 16 August 2004

Published in Letters in Mathematical Physics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1023/b:math.0000032748.69047.08

zbMATH Keywords

discriminantHill equationinstability interval

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Special ordinary differential equations (Mathieu, Hill, Bessel, etc.) (34B30) Stability of solutions to ordinary differential equations (34D20) Asymptotic expansions of solutions to ordinary differential equations (34E05)

Review text

The author is concerned with Hill's equation \[ y^{\prime\prime}(x)+\omega(\omega-2\varepsilon p(x))y(x)=0,\tag{1} \] where \(\omega, \varepsilon\) are real parameters, \(p(x)\) is a real-valued locally integrable and periodic function with period \(1\) and of average value \(1\). When \(\varepsilon\) is small and \(p(x)\) has an infinite Fourier series \(p(x)=\sum_{n=-\infty}^{+\infty}c_ne^{2in\pi x}, c_0=1\), by means of Floquet's theory, it is proved that the length of the \(n\)th instability interval for (1) is given by \(\Delta \omega_n=2| \varepsilon| | c_n| +O(\varepsilon^2)\) provided \(c_n\neq 0,\) and \(\Delta \omega_n=| a_n| \varepsilon^2+O(\varepsilon^3),\) if \(c_n=0,\) where \(a_n=\frac{1}{\pi}\sum_{k=-\infty, k\neq \pm n}^{+\infty}| c_k| ^2/(n-k).\) This result improves the result of \textit{A. Erdélyi} [Ann. Phys. 19, 585--622 (1934; Zbl 0008.39301)] and those of \textit{D.M. Levy} and \textit{J.B. Keller} [Commun. Pure Appl. Math. 16, 469--476 (1963; Zbl 0121.31202)] when, for the latter, the number of terms in the Fourier series of \(p(x)\) goes to infinity.

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