Uniform approximation of continuous mappings by smooth mappings with no critical points on Hilbert manifolds

DOI10.1215/S0012-7094-04-12412-1zbMATH Open1060.57015arXivmath/0203237MaRDI QIDQ1880378FDOQ1880378

Daniel Azagra, Manuel Cepedello Boiso

Publication date: 27 September 2004

Published in: Duke Mathematical Journal (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: We prove that every continuous mapping from a separable infinite-dimensional Hilbert space $X$ into $mathbb{R}^m$ can be uniformly approximated by $C^{i}nfty$ smooth mappings {em with no critical points}. This kind of result can be regarded as a sort of very strong approximate version of the Morse-Sard theorem. Some consequences of the main theorem are as follows. Every two disjoint closed subsets of $X$ can be separated by a one-codimensional smooth manifold which is a level set of a smooth function with no critical points; this fact may be viewed as a nonlinear analogue of the geometrical version of the Hahn-Banach theorem. In particular, every closed set in $X$ can be uniformly approximated by open sets whose boundaries are $C^{i}nfty$ smooth one-codimensional submanifolds of $X$. Finally, since every Hilbert manifold is diffeomorphic to an open subset of the Hilbert space, all of these results still hold if one replaces the Hilbert space $X$ with any smooth manifold $M$ modelled on $X$.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/math/0203237

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zbMATH Keywords

Morse-Sard theoremHilbert manifold

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Singularities of differentiable mappings in differential topology (57R45) Differentiability questions for infinite-dimensional manifolds (58B10) Smooth approximations in differential topology (57R12)

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Cited In (6)

• Extraction of critical points of smooth functions on Banach spaces
• Approximation by smooth functions with no critical points on separable Banach spaces
• Smooth approximations without critical points
• Nonsmooth analysis and Hamilton--Jacobi equations on Riemannian manifolds
• Smooth approximations without critical points of continuous mappings between Banach spaces, and diffeomorphic extractions of sets
• Approximate Morse-Sard type results for non-separable Banach spaces

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