Approximation by smooth functions with no critical points on separable Banach spaces

DOI10.1016/J.JFA.2006.08.009zbMATH Open1126.46031arXivmath/0510603OpenAlexW2964158292MaRDI QIDQ859637FDOQ859637

M. Jiménez-Sevilla, Daniel Azagra

Publication date: 16 January 2007

Published in: Journal of Functional Analysis (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: We characterize the class of separable Banach spaces $X$ such that for every continuous function $f:XomathbbR$ and for every continuous function $epsilon:Xomathbb(0,+infty)$ there exists a $C^1$ smooth function $g:XomathbbR$ for which $|f(x)-g(x)|leqepsilon(x)$ and $g^{\prime }(x)eq0$ for all $xinX$ (that is, $g$ has no critical points), as those Banach spaces $X$ with separable dual $X^{*}$. We also state sufficient conditions on a separable Banach space so that the function $g$ can be taken to be of class $C^p$, for $p=1,2,\mathrm{...},+infty$. In particular, we obtain the optimal order of smoothness of the approximating functions with no critical points on the classical spaces $el{l}_p(mathbbN)$ and $L_p(mathbb{R}^n)$. Some important consequences of the above results are (1) the existence of {em a non-linear Hahn-Banach theorem} and (2) the smooth approximation of closed sets, on the classes of spaces considered above.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/math/0510603

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zbMATH Keywords

critical pointsMorse-Sard theoremapproximation by smooth functionsSard functionssmooth bump functions

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Isomorphic theory (including renorming) of Banach spaces (46B03) Abstract critical point theory (Morse theory, Lyusternik-Shnirel'man theory, etc.) in infinite-dimensional spaces (58E05) Derivatives of functions in infinite-dimensional spaces (46G05)

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Cited In (7)

• Extraction of critical points of smooth functions on Banach spaces
• On preimages of a class of generalized monotone operators
• Smooth approximations without critical points
• Uniform approximation of continuous mappings by smooth mappings with no critical points on Hilbert manifolds
• Smooth approximations without critical points of continuous mappings between Banach spaces, and diffeomorphic extractions of sets
• A note on the range of the derivatives of analytic approximations of uniformly continuous functions on \(c_0\)
• Approximate Morse-Sard type results for non-separable Banach spaces

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