Abstract wave equations and associated Dirac-type operators

represents a non-self-adjoint perturbation of a supersymmetric self-adjoint Dirac-type operator. Special emphasis is devoted to the case where 0 belongs to the continuous spectrum of

A^{*} A

. In addition to the unitary equivalence results concerning

G_{A, R}

and

Q_{A, R}

, we provide a detailed study of the domain of the generator

G_{A, R}

, consider spectral properties of the underlying quadratic operator pencil

M (z) = | A |^{2} - i z R - z^{2} I_{m a t h c a l H_{1}}

,

z i n m a t h b b C

, derive a family of conserved quantities for abstract wave equations in the absence of damping, and prove equipartition of energy for supersymmetric self-adjoint Dirac-type operators. The special example where

R

represents an appropriate function of

| A |

is treated in depth and the semigroup growth bound for this example is explicitly computed and shown to coincide with the corresponding spectral bound for the underlying generator and also with that of the corresponding Dirac-type operator. The cases of undamped (R=0) and damped (

R e q 0

) abstract wave equations as well as the cases

A^{*} A g e q e p s i l o n I_{m a t h c a l H_{1}}

for some

e p s i l o n > 0

and

0 i n s i g m a (A^{*} A)

(but 0 not an eigenvalue of

A^{*} A

) are separately studied in detail.

Review text

The authors consider an abstract version of the damped wave equation \[ \ddot{u}(t) + R\dot{u}(t) + A^*Au(t) = 0, \quad u(0) = f_0, \quad \dot{u}(0) = f_1, \quad t \geq 0, \] where \(A\) is a densely defined closed operator in a separable Hilbert space \(H\) and \(R\) is a perturbation of \(A^*A\). Let \(G_{A,R}\) be the formal generator of the associated first-order system. The authors show that a realization of \(G_{A,R}\) is unitarily equivalent to a realization of \(Q_{A,R}(\mathrm{Id} \oplus [\mathrm{Id} - P_{\mathrm{Ker}(A^*)} ]),\) where \(Q_{A,R}\) is a perturbed supersymmetric Dirac-type operator on \(H \oplus H\). The general equivalence is obtained by considering four cases: 1) case \(A^*A \geq \epsilon I_{\mathcal H}\) for some \(\epsilon > 0\) in absence of damping; 2) case \(\inf(\sigma(A^*A)) = 0\) in absence of damping; 3) case \(A^*A \geq \epsilon I_{\mathcal H}\) for some \(\epsilon > 0\) with damping; 4) case \(\inf(\sigma(A^*A)) = 0\) with damping. The equivalence is then used to determine properties of the damped wave equation, e.g. well-posedness of the equation and the sizes of the semigroup growth bounds for certain damping terms \(R\), from the properties of the perturbed Dirac operator. For readers with no prior contact to mathematical physics the article contains an appendix which summarizes the used results on supersymmetric Dirac-type operators.

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