Lagrangian homology spheres in (A_m) Milnor fibres via C^-equivariant A_ -modules

DOI10.2140/GT.2012.16.2343MaRDI QIDQ1938769zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Publication date 25 February 2013

Published in Geometry \& Topology (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1202.1955

\(A_\infty\)-module Fukaya category Lagrangian sphere Milnor fibre

Differential graded algebras and applications (associative algebraic aspects) (16E45) Lagrangian submanifolds; Maslov index (53D12) Symplectic aspects of Floer homology and cohomology (53D40)

Abstract: We establish restrictions on Lagrangian embeddings of rational homology spheres into certain open symplectic manifolds, namely the (A_m) Milnor fibres of odd complex dimension. This relies on general considerations about equivariant objects in module categories (which may be applicable in other situations as well), as well as results of Ishii-Uehara and Ishii-Ueda-Uehara concerning the derived categories of coherent sheaves on the resolutions of (A_m) surface singularities.

Review text

Let \(Q^n_m\subset\mathbb{C}^{n+1}\) be the \(n\)-dimensional \((A_n)\) Milnor fiber, which is defined by the equation \[ x^2_1+\cdots+ x^2_n+ x^{m+1}_{n+1}= 1 \] [\textit{J. W. Milnor}, Singular points of complex hypersurfaces. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press and the University of Tokyo Press (1968; Zbl 0184.48405)]. In this paper, adopting arguments around the Fukaya category \(\text{Fuk}(Q^n_m)\) and results of \textit{A. Ishii}, \textit{K. Ueda} and \textit{H. Uehara} concerning the derived category of coherent sheaves on the resolutions of \((A_m)\) surface singularities [J. Differ. Geom. 84, No. 1, 87--126 (2010; Zbl 1198.14020)], the following topological properties of Lagrangian homology spheres in \(Q^n_m\) are shown. Theorem 1.1. Let \(L\subset Q^n_m\), \(n\geq 2\), be a Lagrangian submanifold which is a rational homology sphere and spin. Then its homology class \([L]\in H_n(Q^n_m;\mathbb{Z})\cong\mathbb{Z}^m\) is primitive (nonzero and not a multiple) Theorem 1.2. Let \(L_0\), \(L_1\) be Lagrangian submanifolds as in Theorem 1.1. If \([L_0]= [L_1]\,\text{mod}\,2\), then necessarily \(L_0\cap L_1\neq\emptyset\). Theorem 1.4. Let \(L\subset Q^n_m\), \(n\geq 2\), be a Lagrangian rational homology sphere which is spin. Then there is no homomorphism \(\rho*\pi_1(L)\to \mathbb{C}^*\) such that the associated twisted cohomology is acyclic, \(H^*(L;\rho)= 0\). Theorem 1.5. Let \(L\subset\mathbb{Q}^n_m\), \(n\geq 2\), be a closed Lagrangian submanifold which is spin. Then there is no homomorphism \(\rho:\pi_1(L)\to \text{GL}(r,\mathbb{C})\), \(r> 1\), such that \[ H^k(L; \text{End}(\rho))= \begin{cases} \mathbb{C},\quad & k= 0,n,\\ 0\quad &\text{otherwise}.\end{cases} \] The author remarks if \(n\) is even, Theorems 1.1 and 1.2 have elementary proofs and if \(m=2\), Theorem 1.1 is a consequence of Corollary 1.5 of \textit{M. Abouzaid} and \textit{I. Smith} in [Geom. Funct. Anal. 22, No. 4, 785--831 (2012; Zbl 1266.53073)] (this corollary is referred to as Theorem 1.3 in the paper under review). It is also remarked statements of Theorems 1.4 and 1.5 for even \(n\) are empty sets. To prove these Theorems, \(A_\infty\)-algebras and related categories such as \(A^{\text{mod}}\) and \(A^{\text{per\,}f}\) are explained in \S2. Then a finite-dimensional graded algebra \(A= A^n_m\) over \(\mathbb{C}\) is defined as the quotient of the path algebra of a special graded quiver. They are related to algebraic geometry of \(Q^n_m\) adopting Ishii-Ueda-Uehara theory in \S3.2. Restricting the constant Kähler form on \(\mathbb{C}^{n+1}\), \(Q^n_m\) contains Lagrangian spheres \((V_1,\dots, V_k)\) which form an \((A_m)\) configuration [the author, J. Differ. Geom. 52, No. 1, 145--171 (1999; Zbl 1032.53068)]. Then existence of a quasi-equivalence \(A^{n,\text{per\,}f}_m\cong \text{Fuk}(Q^n_m)^{\text{per\,}f}\) which sends the modules \(P_k\) to the Lagrangian spheres \(V_k\) is proved in Lemma 3.7. Theorems 1.1, 1.2, 1.4 and 1.5 are proved in \S4 using these results. The rest of the paper is devoted to the study of several equivalences of \(A_\infty\)-modules and related categories. Then, following methods by \textit{A. Polishchuk} [J. K-Theory 7, No. 1, 169--201 (2011; Zbl 1217.14015)], the following theorem is proved. Theorem 1.10. Let \(A\) be a DG-algebra over \(\mathbb{C}\) which is proper. Suppose that it carries an action of \(\mathbb{C}^*\). Let \(M\) be a perfect DG-module over \(A\) which is rigid and simple. Then \(M\) is quasi-isomorphic to a \(\mathbb{C}^*\)-equivariant DG-module. .

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