Degree asymptotics with rates for preferential attachment random graphs

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Abstract: We provide optimal rates of convergence to the asymptotic distribution of the (properly scaled) degree of a fixed vertex in two preferential attachment random graph models. Our approach is to show that these distributions are unique fixed points of certain distributional transformations which allows us to obtain rates of convergence using a new variation of Stein's method. Despite the large literature on these models, there is surprisingly little known about the limiting distributions so we also provide some properties and new representations, including an explicit expression for the densities in terms of the confluent hypergeometric function of the second kind.


The authors study the distribution of the degree of a fixed vertex in two preferential attachment models \(G_n\). Let \(W_{n,i}\) be the degree of vertex \(i\) in \(G_n\). They show the optimal rates of convergence in the Kolmogrov metric of \(W_{n,i}/(\operatorname{E}W^2_{n,i})^{1/2}\) to the asymptotic distribution of its distribution limit \(K_s\) as \(n\) goes to infinity. The distribution function \(K_s\) is defined by its density as \[ k_s(x)=\Gamma(s)\sqrt{\frac{2}{s\pi}}\exp\left(\frac{-x^2}{2s}\right)U\left(s-1,0.5,\frac{x^2}{2s}\right) \] for \(x>0\) and \(s\geq1/2\). Here, \(\Gamma\) and \(U\) represent the gamma function and the confluent hypergeometric function of the second kind, respectively. The main approach is a development of Stein's method for the distribution \(K_s\) using fixed points of distributional transformations.




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