Algebraic surfaces holomorphically dominable by C^2

DOI10.1007/S002220050021MaRDI QIDQ1977010zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Greg Buzzard, Steven Lu

Publication date 14 December 2000

Published in Inventiones Mathematicae (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/math/9903193

zbMATH Keywords

\(K3\) surfaceclassificationdominating mapsfundamental groupholomorphic mapsholomorphically dominable algebraic surfacesKodaira dimension

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Birational geometry (14E99) Moduli, classification: analytic theory; relations with modular forms (14J15) Holomorphic mappings, (holomorphic) embeddings and related questions in several complex variables (32H02) Compact complex surfaces (32J15)

Abstract: Using the Kodaira dimension and the fundamental group of X, we succeed in classifying algebraic surfaces which are dominable by C^2 except for certain cases in which X is an algebraic surface of Kodaira dimension zero and the case when X is rational without any logarithmic 1-form. More specifically, in the case when X is compact (namely projective), we need to exclude only the case when X is birationally equivalent to a K3 surface (a simply connected compact complex surface which admits a globally non-vanishing holomorphic 2-form) that is neither elliptic nor Kummer. With the exceptions noted above, we show that for any algebraic surface of Kodaira dimension less than 2, dominability by C^2 is equivalent to the apparently weaker requirement of the existence of a holomorphic image of C which is Zariski dense in the surface. With the same exceptions, we will also show the very interesting and revealing fact that dominability by C^2 is preserved even if a sufficiently small neighborhood of any finite set of points is removed from the surface. In fact, we will provide a complete classification in the more general category of (not necessarily algebraic) compact complex surfaces before tackling the problem in the case of non-compact algebraic surfaces.

Review text

An \(n\)-dimensional complex manifold \(M\) is said to be (holomorphically) dominable by \(\mathbb{C}^n\) if there is a map \(F:\mathbb{C}^n\to M\) which is holomorphic such that the Jacobian determinant is not identically zero. Such a map \(F\) is called a dominating map. In this paper, the authors classify algebraic surfaces \(X\) which are dominable by \(\mathbb{C}^2\) using a combination of techniques from algebraic topology, complex geometry and analysis. It is easy to see that if there is a dominating map \(F:\mathbb{C}^2\to X\), then there is also a holomorphic image of \(\mathbb{C}\) which is Zariski dense. One says that an algebraic variety \(X\) satisfies property \(C\) if every holomorphic image of \(\mathbb{C}\) in \(X\) is algebraically degenerate (i.e. is not Zariski dense). For projective surfaces one obtains the following criterion: Theorem 1. Let \(X\) be a projective surface of Kodaira dimension less than 2 and suppose that \(X\) is not birational to a \(K3\) surface which is either elliptic or Kummer. Then \(X\) is dominable by \(\mathbb{C}^2\) if and only if it does not satisfy property \(C\). Then, the following classification is given: Theorem 2. A projective surface \(X\) not birationally equivalent to a \(K3\) surface is dominable by \(\mathbb{C}^2\) if and only if it has Kodaira dimension less than two and its fundamental group is a finite extension of an abelian group (of even rank four or less). If \(k(X)= -\infty\), then the fundamental group condition can be replaced by the simpler condition of non-existence of more than one linearly independent holomorhic 1-form. If \(k(X)=0\) and \(X\) is not birational equivalent to a \(K3\) surface, then \(X\) is dominable by \(\mathbb{C}^2\). If \(X\) is birationally equivalent to an elliptic \(K3\) surface or to a Kummer \(K3\) surface, then \(X\) is dominable by \(\mathbb{C}^2\). More general versions of the above theorems for compact complex surfaces are given at the end of section 4 of the paper. Section 5 deals with the non-compact algebraic surfaces, while the last section 6 deals with algebraic surfaces minus small open balls. Many of the tools and results of this paper will be of interest to other areas of mathematics.

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Cited in

(29)

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• Extending holomorphic mappings from subvarieties in Stein manifolds.
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• Hyperbolicity and specialness of symmetric powers
• Exceptional values of holomorphic functions. remarks on a Nishino's theorem
• Logarithmic surfaces and hyperbolicity
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• Kobayashi pseudometric on hyperkähler manifolds
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• Holomorphic maps with large images
• Holomorphic flexibility properties of the space of cubic rational maps
• Algebraic subellipticity and dominability of blow-ups of affine spaces
• Algebraically hyperbolic manifolds have finite automorphism groups
• Arithmetic aspects of orbifold pairs
• Tame discrete subsets in Stein manifolds
• Quasiprojective varieties admitting Zariski dense entire holomorphic curves
• Oka properties of some hypersurface complements
• Severi varieties and self-rational maps of K3 surfaces
• Oka-1 manifolds
• On fundamental groups of algebraic varieties and value distribution theory
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