Cofinal completeness vis-á-vis hyperspaces

DOI10.1007/S13398-021-01026-2MaRDI QIDQ1979353zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Publication date 2 September 2021

Published in Revista de la Real Academia de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Serie A: Matemáticas. RACSAM (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1007/s13398-021-01026-2

zbMATH Keywords

almost nowhere locally compact cofinally complete continuous function Hausdorff metric Lipschitz-type functions locally finite topology proximal topology topology of uniform convergence Vietoris topology

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Continuity and related questions (modulus of continuity, semicontinuity, discontinuities, etc.) for real functions in one variable (26A15) Several topologies on one set (change of topology, comparison of topologies, lattices of topologies) (54A10) Hyperspaces in general topology (54B20) Continuous maps (54C05) Function spaces in general topology (54C35) Complete metric spaces (54E50)

Review text

A sequence \((x_n)\) in a metric space \((X,d)\) is said to be cofinally Cauchy if for each \(\epsilon >0\) there exists an infinite subset \(\mathbb{N}_\epsilon\) of the set \(\mathbb{N}\) of natural numbers such that if \(n,j \in \mathbb{N}_\epsilon\), then \(d(x_n,x_j)<\epsilon\). A metric space is said to be cofinally complete if each cofinally Cauchy sequence in it clusters. \textit{G. Beer} and \textit{G. Di Maio} [Acta Math. Hung. 134, No. 3, 322--343 (2012; Zbl 1265.54115)] introduced the notion of almost nowhere locally compact subsets for metric spaces and gave a characterization of cofinally complete metric spaces by means of almost nowhere locally compact subsets. In this paper, the authors consider the collection \(AC(X)\) of all almost nowhere locally compact closed subsets of a metric space \((X,d)\), and characterize cofinally complete metric spaces in terms of relations among several hyperspace topologies on \(AC(X)\) as follows: For a metric space \((X,d)\), the following six conditions are equivalent: \begin{itemize} \item[(a)] \((X,d)\) is cofinally complete. \item[(b)] On \(AC(X)\), the Vietoris topology is coarser than the Hausdorff metric topology. \item[(c)] On \(AC(X)\), the upper Vietoris topology is coarser than the Hausdorff metric topology. \item[(d)] On \(AC(X)\), the upper Vietoris topology is coarser than the proximal topology. \item[(e)] On \(AC(X)\), the Vietoris topology is equal to the proximal topology. \item[(f)] On \(AC(X)\), the Hausdorff metric topology is equal to the locally finite topology. \end{itemize} Characterizations of cofinally complete metric spaces by means of function spaces are also obtained. Moreover, the authors study metric spaces which have a cofinal completion. They also prove that for a metric space \((X,d)\), the metric space \(AC(X)\) equipped with the Hausdorff metric is cofinally complete if and only if the space \((X,d)\) is uniformly locally compact.

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