Spreading in a shifting environment modeled by the diffusive logistic equation with a free boundary

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Abstract: We investigate the influence of a shifting environment on the spreading of an invasive species through a model given by the diffusive logistic equation with a free boundary. When the environment is homogeneous and favourable, this model was first studied in Du and Lin cite{DL}, where a spreading-vanishing dichotomy was established for the long-time dynamics of the species, and when spreading happens, it was shown that the species invades the new territory at some uniquely determined asymptotic speed c0>0. Here we consider the situation that part of such an environment becomes unfavourable, and the unfavourable range of the environment moves into the favourable part with speed c>0. We prove that when cgeqc0, the species always dies out in the long-run, but when 0<c<c0, the long-time behavior of the species is determined by a trichotomy described by (a) {it vanishing}, (b) {it borderline spreading}, or (c) {it spreading}. If the initial population is writen in the form u0(x)=sigmaphi(x) with phi fixed and sigma>0 a parameter, then there exists sigma0>0 such that vanishing happens when sigmain(0,sigma0), borderline spreading happens when sigma=sigma0, and spreading happens when sigma>sigma0.



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