Spreading and vanishing in nonlinear diffusion problems with free boundaries

DOI10.4171/JEMS/568zbMATH Open1331.35399arXiv1301.5373OpenAlexW3103452764MaRDI QIDQ891768FDOQ891768

Bendong Lou, Yihong Du

Publication date: 17 November 2015

Published in: Journal of the European Mathematical Society (JEMS) (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: We study nonlinear diffusion problems of the form $u_t=u_{xx}+f(u)$ with free boundaries. Such problems may be used to describe the spreading of a biological or chemical species, with the free boundary representing the expanding front. For special $f(u)$ of the Fisher-KPP type, the problem was investigated by Du and Lin [8]. Here we consider much more general nonlinear terms. For any $f(u)$ which is $C^1$ and satisfies $f(0)=0$, we show that the omega limit set $omega(u)$ of every bounded positive solution is determined by a stationary solution. For monostable, bistable and combustion types of nonlinearities, we obtain a rather complete description of the long-time dynamical behavior of the problem; moreover, by introducing a parameter $sigma$ in the initial data, we reveal a threshold value $sigm{a}^{*}$ such that spreading ($li{m}_{toinfty}u=1$) happens when $sigma>sigm{a}^{*}$, vanishing ($li{m}_{toinfty}u=0$) happens when $sigma<sigm{a}^{*}$, and at the threshold value $sigm{a}^{*}$, $omega(u)$ is different for the three different types of nonlinearities. When spreading happens, we make use of "semi-waves" to determine the asymptotic spreading speed of the front.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1301.5373

zbMATH Keywords

asymptotic behaviorfree boundary problemspreading speedcombustionsharp thresholdnonlinear diffusion equationbistablemonostable

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Asymptotic behavior of solutions to PDEs (35B40) Initial-boundary value problems for second-order parabolic equations (35K20) Nonlinear parabolic equations (35K55) Free boundary problems for PDEs (35R35)

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Cited In (only showing first 100 items - show all)

• Dynamics for nonlocal diffusion problems with a free boundary
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