Spreading and vanishing in nonlinear diffusion problems with free boundaries

DOI10.4171/JEMS/568MaRDI QIDQ891768zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Yihong Du, Bendong Lou

Publication date 17 November 2015

Published in Journal of the European Mathematical Society (JEMS) (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1301.5373

zbMATH Keywords

asymptotic behaviorfree boundary problemspreading speedcombustionsharp thresholdnonlinear diffusion equationbistablemonostable

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Asymptotic behavior of solutions to PDEs (35B40) Initial-boundary value problems for second-order parabolic equations (35K20) Nonlinear parabolic equations (35K55) Free boundary problems for PDEs (35R35)

Abstract: We study nonlinear diffusion problems of the form $u_t=u_{xx}+f(u)$ with free boundaries. Such problems may be used to describe the spreading of a biological or chemical species, with the free boundary representing the expanding front. For special $f(u)$ of the Fisher-KPP type, the problem was investigated by Du and Lin [8]. Here we consider much more general nonlinear terms. For any $f(u)$ which is $C^1$ and satisfies $f(0)=0$, we show that the omega limit set $omega(u)$ of every bounded positive solution is determined by a stationary solution. For monostable, bistable and combustion types of nonlinearities, we obtain a rather complete description of the long-time dynamical behavior of the problem; moreover, by introducing a parameter $sigma$ in the initial data, we reveal a threshold value $sigm{a}^{\ast }$ such that spreading ($li{m}_{toinfty}u=1$) happens when $sigma>sigm{a}^{\ast }$, vanishing ($li{m}_{toinfty}u=0$) happens when $sigma<sigm{a}^{\ast }$, and at the threshold value $sigm{a}^{\ast }$, $omega(u)$ is different for the three different types of nonlinearities. When spreading happens, we make use of "semi-waves" to determine the asymptotic spreading speed of the front.

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Cited in

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• Spreading speeds of nonlocal KPP equations in almost periodic media
• Spreading speed for some cooperative systems with nonlocal diffusion and free boundaries. I: Semi-wave and a threshold condition
• Spreading in advective environment modeled by a reaction diffusion equation with free boundaries
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• Spreading and vanishing in a diffusive prey-predator model with variable intrinsic growth rate and free boundary
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• Traveling wave solutions of competitive models with free boundaries
• Spatial spreading model and dynamics of West Nile virus in birds and mosquitoes with free boundary
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• On a free boundary problem for a reaction-diffusion-advection logistic model in heterogeneous environment
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