Spin structures and baby universes
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Publication:1995194
Path integrals in quantum mechanics (81S40) String and superstring theories; other extended objects (e.g., branes) in quantum field theory (81T30) Quantization of the gravitational field (83C45) Spinor and twistor methods in general relativity and gravitational theory; Newman-Penrose formalism (83C60) Analogues of general relativity in lower dimensions (83C80) Relativistic gravitational theories other than Einstein's, including asymmetric field theories (83D05)
Abstract: We extend a 2d topological model of the gravitational path integral to include sums over spin structure, corresponding to Neveu-Schwarz (NS) or Ramond (R) boundary conditions for fermions. The Euclidean path integral vanishes when the number of R boundaries is odd. This path integral corresponds to a correlator of boundary creation operators on a non-trivial baby universe Hilbert space. The non-factorization necessitates a dual interpretation of the bulk path integral in terms of a product of partition functions (associated to NS boundaries) and Witten indices (associated to R boundaries), averaged over an ensemble of theories with varying Hilbert space dimension and different numbers of bosonic and fermionic states. We also consider a model with End-of-the-World (EOW) branes: the dual ensemble then includes a sum over randomly chosen fermionic and bosonic states. We propose two modifications of the bulk path integral which restore an interpretation in a single dual theory: (i) a geometric prescription where we add extra boundaries with a sum over their spin structures, and (ii) an algebraic prescription involving "spacetime D-branes". We extend our ideas to Jackiw-Teitelboim gravity, and propose a dual description of a single unitary theory with spin structure in a system with eigenbranes.
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Cites work
- Clocks and rods in Jackiw-Teitelboim quantum gravity
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Cited in
(24)- Chern-Simons invariants from ensemble averages
- Islands in de Sitter space
- Entanglement between two disjoint universes
- Defect extremal surface as the holographic counterpart of island formula
- Wormholes and holographic decoherence
- Observations of Hawking radiation: the Page curve and baby universes
- A quantum informational approach to the problem of time
- Quantum entanglement of baby universes
- Factorizing wormholes in a partially disorder-averaged SYK model
- Comments on summing over bordisms in TQFT
- Black holes entangled by radiation
- Four coupled SYK models and nearly \(\mathrm{AdS}_2\) gravities: phase transitions in traversable wormholes and in bra-ket wormholes
- Baby universes and worldline field theories
- Entanglement between two gravitating universes
- A solvable model of flat space holography
- Non-isometric quantum error correction in gravity
- More on half-wormholes and ensemble averages
- Branes in JT (super)gravity from group theory
- Bordism for the 2-group symmetries of the heterotic and CHL strings
- Entanglement of defect subregions in double holography
- Impossibility of rips and cosmological singularities in a universe merging with baby universes
- Boundary mutual information in double holography
- 2d TQFTs and baby universes
- Page curve from defect extremal surface and island in higher dimensions
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