Spin structures and baby universes

DOI10.1007/JHEP09(2020)192zbMATH Open1454.83078arXiv2007.04333MaRDI QIDQ1995194FDOQ1995194

Vijay Balasubramanian, Tomonori Ugajin, Simon F. Ross, Arjun Kar

Publication date: 18 February 2021

Published in: Journal of High Energy Physics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: We extend a 2d topological model of the gravitational path integral to include sums over spin structure, corresponding to Neveu-Schwarz (NS) or Ramond (R) boundary conditions for fermions. The Euclidean path integral vanishes when the number of R boundaries is odd. This path integral corresponds to a correlator of boundary creation operators on a non-trivial baby universe Hilbert space. The non-factorization necessitates a dual interpretation of the bulk path integral in terms of a product of partition functions (associated to NS boundaries) and Witten indices (associated to R boundaries), averaged over an ensemble of theories with varying Hilbert space dimension and different numbers of bosonic and fermionic states. We also consider a model with End-of-the-World (EOW) branes: the dual ensemble then includes a sum over randomly chosen fermionic and bosonic states. We propose two modifications of the bulk path integral which restore an interpretation in a single dual theory: (i) a geometric prescription where we add extra boundaries with a sum over their spin structures, and (ii) an algebraic prescription involving "spacetime D-branes". We extend our ideas to Jackiw-Teitelboim gravity, and propose a dual description of a single unitary theory with spin structure in a system with eigenbranes.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/2007.04333

zbMATH Keywords

AdS-CFT correspondenceD-branesmodels of quantum gravityJackiw-Teitelboim gravity2d gravity

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

String and superstring theories; other extended objects (e.g., branes) in quantum field theory (81T30) Quantization of the gravitational field (83C45) Relativistic gravitational theories other than Einstein's, including asymmetric field theories (83D05) Path integrals in quantum mechanics (81S40) Spinor and twistor methods in general relativity and gravitational theory; Newman-Penrose formalism (83C60) Analogues of general relativity in lower dimensions (83C80)

Cites Work

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Cited In (23)

• 2d TQFTs and baby universes
• Page curve from defect extremal surface and island in higher dimensions
• Factorizing wormholes in a partially disorder-averaged SYK model
• Entanglement between two gravitating universes
• Chern-Simons invariants from ensemble averages
• Non-isometric quantum error correction in gravity
• Entanglement between two disjoint universes
• Islands in de Sitter space
• Defect extremal surface as the holographic counterpart of island formula
• Observations of Hawking radiation: the Page curve and baby universes
• Wormholes and holographic decoherence
• Bordism for the 2-group symmetries of the heterotic and CHL strings
• A quantum informational approach to the problem of time
• Baby universes and worldline field theories
• Entanglement of defect subregions in double holography
• Impossibility of rips and cosmological singularities in a universe merging with baby universes
• Four coupled SYK models and nearly AdS₂ gravities: phase transitions in traversable wormholes and in bra-ket wormholes
• A solvable model of flat space holography
• More on half-wormholes and ensemble averages
• Branes in JT (super)gravity from group theory
• Black holes entangled by radiation
• Comments on summing over bordisms in TQFT
• Quantum entanglement of baby universes

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