Entanglement between two gravitating universes
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Publication:5106263
Quantum entropies (81P17) Quantum coherence, entanglement, quantum correlations (81P40) Quantum information, communication, networks (quantum-theoretic aspects) (81P45) Quantum gates (81P65) Path integrals in quantum mechanics (81S40) Asymptotic procedures (radiation, news functions, (mathcal{H} )-spaces, etc.) in general relativity and gravitational theory (83C30) Black holes (83C57) Relativistic cosmology (83F05)
Abstract: We study two disjoint universes in an entangled pure state. When only one universe contains gravity, the path integral for the R'enyi entropy includes a wormhole between the copies of the gravitating universe, leading to a standard "island formula" for entanglement entropy consistent with unitarity of quantum information. When both universes contain gravity, gravitational corrections to this configuration lead to a violation of unitarity. However, the path integral is now dominated by a novel wormhole with boundaries connecting replica copies of both universes. The analytic continuation of this contribution involves a quotient by replica symmetry, giving a cylinder connecting the two universes. When entanglement is large, this configuration has an effective description as a "swap wormhole", a geometry in which the boundaries of the two universes are glued together by a "swaperator". This description allows precise computation of a generalized entropy-like formula for entanglement entropy. The quantum extremal surface computing the entropy lives on the Lorentzian continuation of the cylinder/swap wormhole, which has a connected Cauchy slice stretching between the universes -- a realization of the ER=EPR idea. The new wormhole restores unitarity of quantum information.
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