Quantum error correction from complexity in Brownian SYK

DOI10.1007/JHEP08(2023)071MaRDI QIDQ6074077zbMATH OpenFDO

Authors Vijay Balasubramanian, Arjun Kar, Cathy Li, Onkar Parrikar, Harshit Rajgadia

Publication date 12 October 2023

Published in Journal of High Energy Physics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Copyright license Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2301.07108

zbMATH Keywords

field theories in lower dimensions\(1/N\) expansionAdS-CFT correspondence

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Quantum theory (81-XX)

Abstract: We study the robustness of quantum error correction in a one-parameter ensemble of codes generated by the Brownian SYK model, where the parameter quantifies the encoding complexity. The robustness of error correction by a quantum code is upper bounded by the "mutual purity" of a certain entangled state between the code subspace and environment in the isometric extension of the error channel, where the mutual purity of a density matrix $h{o}_{AB}$ is the difference $mathcal{F}_{h}o(A:B)equivmathrmTr;h{o}_{AB}^2-mathrmTr;h{o}_A^2;mathrmTr;h{o}_B^2$. We show that when the encoding complexity is small, the mutual purity is $O(1)$ for the erasure of a small number of qubits (i.e., the encoding is fragile). However, this quantity decays exponentially, becoming $O(1/N)$ for $O(logN)$ encoding complexity. Further, at polynomial encoding complexity, the mutual purity saturates to a plateau of $O(e^{-N})$. We also find a hierarchy of complexity scales associated to a tower of subleading contributions to the mutual purity that quantitatively, but not qualitatively, adjust our error correction bound as encoding complexity increases. In the AdS/CFT context, our results suggest that any portion of the entanglement wedge of a general boundary subregion $A$ with sufficiently high encoding complexity is robustly protected against low-rank errors acting on $A$ with no prior access to the encoding map. From the bulk point of view, we expect such bulk degrees of freedom to be causally inaccessible from the region $A$ despite being encoded in it.

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