Entropy production in random billiards

DOI10.3934/DCDS.2020319MaRDI QIDQ1995543zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Timothy Chumley, Renato Feres

Publication date 24 February 2021

Published in Discrete and Continuous Dynamical Systems (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1904.08924

zbMATH Keywords

entropy production rateheat bathrandom billiardssecond law of thermodynamics

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Ergodicity, mixing, rates of mixing (37A25) Ergodic theorems, spectral theory, Markov operators (37A30) Entropy and other invariants, isomorphism, classification in ergodic theory (37A35) Dynamical aspects of statistical mechanics (37A60) Generation, random and stochastic difference and differential equations (37H10) Continuous-time Markov processes on general state spaces (60J25) Foundations of thermodynamics and heat transfer (80A05) Statistical thermodynamics (82B30)

Abstract: We introduce a class of random mechanical systems called random billiards to study the problem of quantifying the irreversibility of nonequilibrium macroscopic systems. In a random billiard model, a point particle evolves by free motion through the interior of a spatial domain, and reflects according to a reflection operator, specified in the model by a Markov transition kernel, upon collision with the boundary of the domain. We derive a formula for entropy production rate that applies to a general class of random billiard systems. This formula establishes a relation between the purely mathematical concept of entropy production rate and textbook thermodynamic entropy, recovering in particular Clausius' formulation of the second law of thermodynamics. We also study an explicit class of examples whose reflection operator, referred to as the Maxwell-Smolukowski thermostat, models systems with boundary thermostats kept at possibly different temperatures. We prove that, under certain mild regularity conditions, the class of models are uniformly ergodic Markov chains and derive formulas for the stationary distribution and entropy production rate in terms of geometric and thermodynamic parameters.

Review text

From the summary: ``We consider a class of random mechanical systems called random billiards to study the problem of quantifying the irreversibility of nonequilibrium macroscopic systems. In a random billiard model, a point particle evolves by free motion through the interior of a spatial domain, and reflects according to a reflection operator, specified in the model by a Markov transition kernel, upon collision with the boundary of the domain. We derive a formula for entropy production rate that applies to a general class of random billiard systems. This formula establishes a relation between the purely mathematical concept of entropy production rate and textbook thermodynamic entropy, recovering in particular Clausius' formulation of the second law of thermodynamics. We also study an explicit class of examples whose reflection operator, referred to as the Maxwell-Smoluchowski thermostat, models systems with boundary thermostats kept at possibly different temperatures. We prove that, under certain mild regularity conditions, the class of models are uniformly ergodic Markov chains and derive formulas for the stationary distribution and entropy production rate in terms of geometric and thermodynamic parameters. The paper is clearly written and very rigorous. It touches the historically important aspects of thermodynamics, focusing on the bridge between a microscopic mechanical model and macroscopic phenomena.

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Cited in

(5)

• Ergodic properties of random billiards driven by thermostats
• From billiards to thermodynamics
• Entropy and Transport in Billiards
• Entropic chaoticity for the steady state of a current carrying system
• Nonequilibrium gas and generalized billiards

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