Sets of transfer times with small densities

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Publication:1996827



Abstract: We consider in this paper the set of transfer times between two measurable subsets of positive measures in an ergodic probability measure-preserving system of a countable abelian group. If the lower asymptotic density of the transfer times is small, then we prove this set must be either periodic or Sturmian. Our results can be viewed as ergodic-theoretical extensions of some classical sumset theorems in compact abelian groups due to Kneser. Our proofs are based on a correspondence principle for action sets which was developed previously by the first two authors.


For an ergodic measure-preserving action of a discrete countable abelian group \(G\) on a probability space \((X,\mu)\) together with a sequence \((F_n)\) of finite subsets of \(G\) with the property that the pointwise ergodic theorem holds for averaging along \((F_n)\) (which gives a natural notion of lower asymptotic density \(\underline{d}\) for subsets of \(G\)), the authors define the set of transfer times \({\mathscr{R}}_{A,B}=\{g\in G\mid\mu(A\cap g^{-1}B)>0\}\) for measurable sets \(A,B\) with \(\mu(A)+\mu(B)<1\). The main results are aimed at establishing lower bounds for \(\underline{d}({\mathscr{R}}_{A,B})\) and to address questions about when such lower bounds are attained. The final results are sharp, and new even in the classical setting \(G=\mathbb{Z}\) in part because the hypothesis needed on the sequence \((F_n)\) is not that it is a Følner sequence, but that it admits the ergodic theorem. The arguments show that these questions are related to the ``small doubling phenomenon in additive combinatorics, and some of the results are seen as ergodic-theoretic extensions of \textit{M. Kneser}'s theorem [Math. Z. 58, 459--484 (1953; Zbl 0051.28104)] concerning the lower asymptotic density of sumsets in the natural numbers.











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