The abelian sandpile model on randomly rooted graphs and self-similar groups

DOI10.1007/S11856-013-0068-XzbMATH Open1302.05119arXiv1105.4036OpenAlexW2074313336MaRDI QIDQ2017122FDOQ2017122

Tatiana Nagnibeda, Michel Matter

Publication date: 25 June 2014

Published in: Israel Journal of Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: The main result of this paper is a rigorous proof of criticality and an explicit computation of critical exponents for the decay of avalanches in the Abelian sandpile model (ASM) on a large family of infinite graphs. We begin by introducing the notion of criticality of the ASM for limits of finite graphs in local convergence, which naturally leads to the question about criticality of the ASM in the random weak limit. Our main technical ingredient is a sufficient condition for almost sure criticality of the ASM on sequences of finite cacti (i.e., separable graphs whose blocks are cycles or single edges) under the assumption that the random weak limit is almost surely 1-ended. Examples that allow explicit computations of the critical exponents come from actions of finitely generated groups on regular rooted trees, by automorphisms. Restricting the action to the consecutive levels of the tree defines a sequence of finite graphs whose limits in the local convergence are orbital Schreier graphs for the action of the group on the boundary of the tree. In the case of iterated monodromy groups of complex polynomials, these graphs are cacti, and we show that for 1-ended ones, the critical exponent for the decay of the mass of avalanches depends on the growth of the graph. The well-known Basilica group related to $z^2-1$ gives rise to uncountably many 4-regular one-ended graphs of quadratic growth with the critical exponent for the mass of avalanches equal to 1; as well as uncountably many new non-critical examples of quadratic growth (thus not quasi-isometric to $mathbbZ$). Another iterated monodromy group that we consider provides uncountably many graphs with the critical exponent equal to $2log2/log3>1$. Finally, we also exhibit graphs of polynomial growth with arbitrarily small critical exponent.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1105.4036

zbMATH Keywords

self-organized criticalitychip-firing games on graphs

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Games on graphs (graph-theoretic aspects) (05C57) Subgroups of symmetric groups (20B35) Critical phenomena in equilibrium statistical mechanics (82B27) Dynamic and nonequilibrium phase transitions (general) in statistical mechanics (82C26)

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Cited In (6)

• Spectral decimation of the magnetic Laplacian on the Sierpinski gasket: solving the Hofstadter-Sierpinski butterfly
• Some topics in the dynamics of group actions on rooted trees.
• The Abelian sandpile model on a random binary tree
• The Abelian sandpile model on an infinite tree
• A natural stochastic extension of the sandpile model on a graph
• Laplacian growth and sandpiles on the Sierpiński gasket: limit shape universality and exact solutions

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