Sets with constant normal in Carnot groups: properties and examples

DOI10.4171/CMH/510MaRDI QIDQ2030902zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Costante Bellettini, Enrico Le Donne

Publication date 8 June 2021

Published in Commentarii Mathematici Helvetici (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.12117

zbMATH Keywords

Carnot-Lebesgue representativecone propertyconstant horizontal normalfree Carnot groupintrinsic Lipschitz graphintrinsic rectifiable setLie wedgemonotone directionsemigroup generatedsubriemannian perimeter measure

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Nilpotent and solvable Lie groups (22E25) Length, area, volume, other geometric measure theory (28A75) Regularity of solutions in optimal control (49N60) Geometric measure and integration theory, integral and normal currents in optimization (49Q15) Sub-Riemannian geometry (53C17) Calibrations and calibrated geometries (53C38)

Abstract: We analyze subsets of Carnot groups that have intrinsic constant normal, as they appear in the blowup study of sets that have finite sub-Riemannian perimeter. The purpose of this paper is threefold. First, we prove some mild regularity and structural results in arbitrary Carnot groups. Namely, we show that for every constant-normal set in a Carnot group its sub-Riemannian-Lebesgue representative is regularly open, contractible, and its topological boundary coincides with the reduced boundary and with the measure-theoretic boundary. We infer these properties from a cone property. Such a cone will be a semisubgroup with nonempty interior that is canonically associated with the normal direction. We characterize the constant-normal sets exactly as those that are arbitrary unions of translations of such semisubgroups. Second, making use of such a characterization, we provide some pathological examples in the specific case of the free-Carnot group of step 3 and rank 2. Namely, we construct a constant normal set that, with respect to any Riemannian metric, is not of locally finite perimeter; we also construct an example with non-unique intrinsic blowup at some point, showing that it has different upper and lower sub-Riemannian density at the origin. Third, we show that in Carnot groups of step 4 or less, every constant-normal set is intrinsically rectifiable, in the sense of Franchi, Serapioni, and Serra Cassano.

Review text

The study of sub-Riemannian geometry has been an active field over the past five decades. The authors analyze subsets of Carnot groups that have intrinsic constant normal, as they appear in the blowup study of sets that have finite sub-Riemannian perimeter. The purpose of this paper is threefold. First, the authors prove some mild regularity and structural results in arbitrary Carnot groups. Namely, the paper shows that for every constant-normal set in a Carnot group its sub-Riemannian-Lebesgue representative is regularly open, contractible, and its topological boundary coincides with the reduced boundary and with the measure-theoretic boundary. The authors infer these properties from a metric cone property. Such a cone will be a semisubgroup with nonempty interior that is canonically associated with the normal direction. The present paper characterizes the constant-normal sets exactly as those that are arbitrary unions of translations of such semisubgroups. Second, making use of such a characterization, the paper provides some pathological examples in the specific case of the free-Carnot group of step 3 and rank 2. Namely, the paper constructs a constant normal set that, with respect to any Riemannian metric, is not of locally finite perimeter; this paper also constructs an example with non-unique intrinsic blowup at some point, showing that it has different upper and lower sub-Riemannian density at the origin. Third, the authors show that in Carnot groups of step 4 or less, every constant-normal set is intrinsically rectifiable, in the sense of Franchi, Serapioni, and Serra Cassano.

Recommendations

• Regularity of sets with constant intrinsic normal in a class of Carnot groups
• Rectifiability of sets of finite perimeter in Carnot groups: existence of a tangent hyperplane
• Regularity of sets with constant horizontal normal in the Engel group
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 2057329
• On the structure of finite perimeter sets in step 2 Carnot groups

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Cited in

(12)

• Polynomial and horizontally polynomial functions on Lie groups
• Metric equivalences of Heintze groups and applications to classifications in low dimension
• Semigenerated Carnot algebras and applications to sub-Riemannian perimeter
• Precisely monotone sets in step-2 rank-3 Carnot algebras
• Regularity of sets with constant horizontal normal in the Engel group
• Regularity of sets with constant intrinsic normal in a class of Carnot groups
• A rectifiability result for finite-perimeter sets in Carnot groups
• Intrinsic rectifiability via flat cones in the Heisenberg group
• Unextendable Intrinsic Lipschitz Curves:
• Horizontally affine functions on step-2 Carnot algebras
• Monotone sets and local minimizers for the perimeter in Carnot groups
• A Tukia-type theorem for nilpotent Lie groups and quasi-isometric rigidity of solvable groups

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