On the third moment of L(12,_d). II: The number field case

DOI10.4171/JEMS/1049MaRDI QIDQ2031689zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Ian Whitehead, Adrian Diaconu

Publication date 10 June 2021

Published in Journal of the European Mathematical Society (JEMS) (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1804.00690

zbMATH Keywords

central valuequadratic Dirichlet \(L\)-functionssmoothed asymptotic formulathird momentWeyl group multiple Dirichlet series

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Dirichlet series in several complex variables associated to automorphic forms; Weyl group multiple Dirichlet series (11F68) (zeta (s)) and (L(s, chi)) (11M06) Multiple Dirichlet series and zeta functions and multizeta values (11M32)

Abstract: We establish a smoothed asymptotic formula for the third moment of quadratic {D}irichlet $L$-functions at the central value. In addition to the main term, which is known, we prove the existence of a secondary term of size $x^{frac34}$. The error term in the asymptotic formula is on the order of $O(x^{frac23+delta})$ for every $delta>0.$

Review text

Let \(d\) be a positive integer that is not a square and \(\chi_d\) be the quadratic Dirichlet character attached to the extension \(\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{d})\) of \(\mathbb{Q}\). In this work the authors study the third moment of the central \(L\)-values \(L(1/2,\chi_{2d})\). Let \(Z_0(s)=\sum_d L(1/2,\chi_{2d})^3 d^{-s}\) where the sum is over square-free positive odd integers. This series converges absolutely for \(\Re(s)>1\). The authors show that \(Z_0(s)\) has meromorphic continuation to \(\Re(s)>2/3\) and is analytic in this region except for a pole of order 7 at \(s=1\) and a simple pole at \(s=3/4\) whose residue is given by an explicit formula; it is approximately -.0034. The pole at \(3/4\) is striking as it is not predicted by random matrix models (which do correctly predict the behavior at \(s=1\)). They also establish a smoothed version of this result, concerning \(\sum_d L(1/2,\chi_{2d})^3W(x/d)\) for certain smooth compactly supported functions \(W:(0,\infty)\to[0,1]\). \par The authors establish these results by using multiple Dirichlet series that involve certain weighting factors and whose analytic properties may be understood using Bochner's theorem. They then use a sieve to express \(Z_0\) in terms of these multiple Dirichlet series. An elegant recursive argument allows them to get the needed control in \(s\). \par The third moment of the quadratic Dirichlet \(L\)-functions was studied by \textit{K. Soundararajan} [Ann. Math. (2) 152, No. 2, 447--488 (2000; Zbl 0964.11034)], \textit{A. Diaconu} et al. [Compos. Math. 139, No. 3, 297--360 (2003; Zbl 1053.11071)], \textit{M. P. Young} [Sel. Math., New Ser. 19, No. 2, 509--543 (2013; Zbl 1303.11099)] and \textit{Q. Zhang} [Math. Res. Lett. 12, No. 2--3, 413--424 (2005; Zbl 1076.11049)]. In particular, Zhang used multiple Dirichlet series to establish the existence of the secondary term under certain hypotheses. The analogous third moment over a function field was studied by \textit{A. Diaconu} [J. Number Theory 198, 1--42 (2019; Zbl 1443.11164)], and the treatment given here is parallel to that work. Also, the sum of the central values of a quadratically twisted standard \(L\)-function attached to a cuspidal \(\mathrm{GL}(3)\) automorphic form was studied using multiple Dirichlet series by \textit{D. Bump} et al. [in: Contributions to automorphic forms, geometry, and number theory. Papers from the conference in honor of Joseph Shalika on the occasion of his 60th birthday, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA, May 14--17, 2002. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press. 131--162 (2004; Zbl 1154.11322)].

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Cites work

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• The fourth moment of quadratic Dirichlet L-functions over function fields
• The metaplectic Casselman-Shalika formula
• The third moment of quadratic Dirichlet L-functions
• Weyl group multiple Dirichlet series constructed from quadratic characters
• Weyl group multiple Dirichlet series, Eisenstein series and crystal bases

Cited in

(15)

• On the third moment of \(L(\frac{1}{2}, \chi_d)\). I: The rational function field case
• The mean values of cubic L-functions over function fields
• Multiple Dirichlet Series and Moments of Zeta and L-Functions
• Natural Boundaries and Integral Moments of L-Functions
• Weighted first moments of some special quadratic Dirichlet L-functions
• Secondary terms in the asymptotics of moments of \(L\)-functions
• Ratios conjecture for quadratic Hecke L-functions in the Gaussian field
• The distribution of values of zeta and \(L\)-functions
• General multiple Dirichlet series from perverse sheaves
• Moments of quadratic twists of modular L-functions
• Averages of quadratic twists of long Dirichlet polynomials
• Harper's beyond square-root conjecture
• Expected values of cubic Dirichlet L-functions away from the central point
• Extreme central values of quadratic Dirichlet L-functions with prime conductors
• Moments of real Dirichlet L-functions and multiple Dirichlet series

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