On the third moment of \(L(\frac{1}{2},\chi_d)\). II: The number field case (Q2031689)

Let \(d\) be a positive integer that is not a square and \(\chi_d\) be the quadratic Dirichlet character attached to the extension \(\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{d})\) of \(\mathbb{Q}\). In this work the authors study the third moment of the central \(L\)-values \(L(1/2,\chi_{2d})\). Let \(Z_0(s)=\sum_d L(1/2,\chi_{2d})^3 d^{-s}\) where the sum is over square-free positive odd integers. This series converges absolutely for \(\Re(s)>1\). The authors show that \(Z_0(s)\) has meromorphic continuation to \(\Re(s)>2/3\) and is analytic in this region except for a pole of order 7 at \(s=1\) and a simple pole at \(s=3/4\) whose residue is given by an explicit formula; it is approximately -.0034. The pole at \(3/4\) is striking as it is not predicted by random matrix models (which do correctly predict the behavior at \(s=1\)). They also establish a smoothed version of this result, concerning \(\sum_d L(1/2,\chi_{2d})^3W(x/d)\) for certain smooth compactly supported functions \(W:(0,\infty)\to[0,1]\). \par The authors establish these results by using multiple Dirichlet series that involve certain weighting factors and whose analytic properties may be understood using Bochner's theorem. They then use a sieve to express \(Z_0\) in terms of these multiple Dirichlet series. An elegant recursive argument allows them to get the needed control in \(s\). \par The third moment of the quadratic Dirichlet \(L\)-functions was studied by \textit{K. Soundararajan} [Ann. Math. (2) 152, No. 2, 447--488 (2000; Zbl 0964.11034)], \textit{A. Diaconu} et al. [Compos. Math. 139, No. 3, 297--360 (2003; Zbl 1053.11071)], \textit{M. P. Young} [Sel. Math., New Ser. 19, No. 2, 509--543 (2013; Zbl 1303.11099)] and \textit{Q. Zhang} [Math. Res. Lett. 12, No. 2--3, 413--424 (2005; Zbl 1076.11049)]. In particular, Zhang used multiple Dirichlet series to establish the existence of the secondary term under certain hypotheses. The analogous third moment over a function field was studied by \textit{A. Diaconu} [J. Number Theory 198, 1--42 (2019; Zbl 1443.11164)], and the treatment given here is parallel to that work. Also, the sum of the central values of a quadratically twisted standard \(L\)-function attached to a cuspidal \(\mathrm{GL}(3)\) automorphic form was studied using multiple Dirichlet series by \textit{D. Bump} et al. [in: Contributions to automorphic forms, geometry, and number theory. Papers from the conference in honor of Joseph Shalika on the occasion of his 60th birthday, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA, May 14--17, 2002. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press. 131--162 (2004; Zbl 1154.11322)].