Simultaneous small fractional parts of polynomials

Abstract: Let

f_{1}, d o t s, f_{k} i n m a t h b b R [X]

be polynomials of degree at most

d

with

f_{1} (0) = d o t s = f_{k} (0) = 0

. We show that there is an integer

n < x

such that the fractional parts

| f_{i} (n) | l l x^{c / k}

for all

1 l e i l e k

and for some constant

c = c (d)

depending only on

d

. This is essentially optimal in the

k

-aspect, and improves on earlier results of Schmidt who showed the same result with

c / k^{2}

in place of

c / k

.

Review text

Let \(\|x\|\) denotes the distance \(x\) to the nearest integer. Given polynomials \(f_1(x),\dots,f_k(x)\) the author studies minimum \(\|f_1(n)\|,\dots,\|f_k(n)\|\) for positive integers \(n\le x\), where polynomials are of degree at most \(d\) and \(f_1(0)=\dots=f_k(0)=0\). The author's main result is the following: There is a positive \(n<x\) such that \( \|f_i(n)\|\le c_1x^{-c_2/k} \) for all \(i\le k\), where \(c_2>0\) is a constant depending only on \(d\) and a constant \(c_1\) depends only on \(d\) and \(k\). This extend the a result of \textit{W. M. Schmidt} [Small fractional parts of polynomials. Expository lectures from the CBMS Regional Conference held at Illinois State University, July 26--30, 1976. Providence, RI: American Mathematical Society (1977; Zbl 0362.10032)] with \(c_2/k^2\) in place of \(c_2/k\). This also gives a new result on simultaneous Diophantine approximations: There is a positive integer \(n<x\) such that \(\|\alpha_in^d\|\le c_1x^{-c_2/k}\) for all \(i\le k\). Here \(d\ge2\) and \(\alpha_1,\dots,\alpha_k\) are real numbers. For simplicity he studies the bound \(\|\alpha_in^2\|<x^{-c/k}\). Consider the equidistribution \((\|\alpha_1n^2\|,\dots, \|\alpha_kn^2\|)\) such that for many vectors \((h_1,\dots,h_k)\) we have \(h_1\alpha_1+\dots+h_k\alpha_k\thickapprox\frac{a}{q}\). In the author's key idea the \(h_i\) must lie in additively structured set which the relation \(a/q\) cannot have many distinct denominators.

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