Local and global geometry of the 2D Ising interface in critical prewetting

DOI10.1214/21-AOP1505MaRDI QIDQ2039464zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Shirshendu Ganguly, Reza Gheissari

Publication date 2 July 2021

Published in The Annals of Probability (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2004.10737

zbMATH Keywords

cube-root fluctuationsentropic repulsioninterfaceIsing modelwetting transition

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Interacting random processes; statistical mechanics type models; percolation theory (60K35) Lattice systems (Ising, dimer, Potts, etc.) and systems on graphs arising in equilibrium statistical mechanics (82B20) Interface problems; diffusion-limited aggregation arising in equilibrium statistical mechanics (82B24) Random walks, random surfaces, lattice animals, etc. in equilibrium statistical mechanics (82B41)

Abstract: Consider the Ising model at low-temperatures and positive external field $lambda$ on an $NimesN$ box with Dobrushin boundary conditions that are plus on the north, east, and west boundaries and minus on the south boundary. If $lambda=0$, the interface separating the plus and minus phases is diffusive, having $O(sqrtN)$ height fluctuations, and the model is fully wetted. Under an order one field, the interface fluctuations are $O(1)$ and the interface is only partially wetted, being pinned to its southern boundary. We study the critical pre-wetting regime of $lambd{a}_{N}downarrow0$, where the height fluctuations are expected to scale as $lambd{a}^{-1/3}$ and the rescaled interface is predicted to converge to the Ferrari--Spohn diffusion. Velenik (2004) identified the order of the area under the interface up to logarithmic corrections. Since then, more refined features of such interfaces have only been identified in simpler models of random walks under area tilts. In this paper, we resolve several conjectures of Velenik regarding the refined features of the Ising interface in the critical pre-wetting regime. Our main result is a sharp bound on the one-point height fluctuation, proving $e^{-Theta(x^{3/2})}$ upper tails reminiscent of the Tracy--Widom distribution, capturing a tradeoff between the locally Brownian oscillations and the global field effect. We further prove a concentration estimate for the number of points above which the interface attains a large height. These are used to deduce various geometric properties of the interface, including the order and tails of the area it confines, and the poly-logarithmic pre-factor governing its maximum height fluctuation. Our arguments combine classical inputs from the random-line representation of the Ising interface, with novel local resampling and coupling schemes.

Review text

The authors consider the Ising model at low temperature and positive external field on a \(N\times N\) box of \(\mathbb Z^2\) with plus boundary condition on the top, left and right boundaries of the box and minus on the bottom boundary. They study the behavior of the interface separating the plus and minus phases in the regime of low temperature \(\beta>\beta_c\) and small positive external field \(\lambda =\lambda_N = \frac{c}{N}\) (critical prewetting regime). The main result of the paper gives sharp bounds on the upper tail for the height of the interface at \(x_N\in[\varepsilon N, (1-\varepsilon)N]\) rescaled by \(N^{-\frac13}\). The bounds resemble the Tracy-Widom distribution, which is a strong evidence for the conjectured convergence to the Ferrary-Spohn diffusion in local windows. Using this result, the authors prove tightness and large deviation bounds for the area under the interface rescaled by \(N^{-\frac43}\), particularly, proving Conjecture 3.1 of [\textit{D. Ioffe} and \textit{Y. Velenik}, Markov Process. Relat. Fields 24, No. 3, 487--537 (2018; Zbl 1414.60079)] and Conjecture 1 of [\textit{Y. Velenik}, Probab. Theory Relat. Fields 129, No. 1, 83--112 (2004; Zbl 1078.60088)]. The authors also investigate global fluctuations of the interface. In particular, they prove a concentration estimate for the number of points above which the interface attains a large height and identify the correct order of the maximum height as \(N^{\frac13}(\log N)^{\frac23}\). Many of the arguments in the paper should generalize to a wider range of external fields \(\lambda_N\) converging to \(0\) not too slowly.

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Cited in

(16)

• Fluctuations of the phase boundary in the 2D Ising ferromagnet
• Entropic repulsion of an interface in an external field
• Metastability for expanding bubbles on a sticky substrate
• Critical prewetting in the 2d Ising model
• A Short Introduction to Critical Interfaces in 2D
• Critical Ising interfaces in multiply-connected domains
• Low-temperature interfaces: prewetting, layering, faceting and Ferrari-Spohn diffusions
• The Airy₂ process and the 3D Ising model
• Approximate domain Markov property for rigid Ising interfaces
• Entropic repulsion of 3D Ising interfaces conditioned to stay above a floor
• Interfacially adsorbed bubbles determine the shape of droplets
• Intermediate fluctuations in the Ising model
• On level line fluctuations of SOS surfaces above a wall
• Characterizing Gibbs states for area-tilted Brownian lines
• Metastability cascades and prewetting in the SOS model
• Uniqueness, mixing, and optimal tails for Brownian line ensembles with geometric area tilt

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