Multidimensional configurations in the primes with shifted prime steps

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Publication:2039637



Abstract: Let mathcalP denote the set of primes. For a fixed dimension d, Cook-Magyar-Titichetrakun, Tao-Ziegler and Fox-Zhao independently proved that any subset of positive relative density of mathcalPd contains an arbitrary linear configuration. In this paper, we prove that there exists such configuration with the step being a shifted prime (prime minus 1 or plus 1).


The celebrated theorem of \textit{E. Szemerédi} [Proc. int. Congr. Math., Vancouver 1974, Vol. 2, 503--505 (1975; Zbl 0335.10054)] states that any dense subset of the integers must contain arbitrarily long arithmetic progressions. After the ergodic theoretic proof of \textit{H. Furstenberg} [J. Anal. Math. 31, 204--256 (1977; Zbl 0347.28016)], many generalizations have been obtained. \par Let \(P\) denote the set of primes. The theorem of \textit{B. Green} and \textit{T. Tao} [Ann. Math. (2) 167, No. 2, 481--547 (2008; Zbl 1191.11025)] states that any dense subset of \(P\) must contain an arbitrarily long arithmetic progression. \textit{T. Tao} and \textit{T. Ziegler} [Isr. J. Math. 207, Part 1, 203--228 (2015; Zbl 1414.11019)] generalized this to polynomial configurations. \textit{B. Cook} et al. [Ann. Comb. 22, No. 4, 711--768 (2018; Zbl 1403.05106)] and \textit{T. Tao} and \textit{T. Ziegler} [Isr. J. Math. 207, Part 1, 203--228 (2015; Zbl 1414.11019)] independently proved a prime version of the Furstenberg-Katznelson theorem. \textit{J. Fox} and \textit{Y. Zhao} [Am. J. Math. 137, No. 4, 1139--1145 (2015; Zbl 1391.11120)] obtained a very short proof of the same result. Tao-Ziegler and Fox-Zhao's proofs depend on the program of counting linear configurations in the primes by Green, Tao and Ziegler. However, Cook-Magyar-Titichetrakun used a hypergraph removal lemma for weighted hypergraphs. \textit{T. H. Lê} and \textit{J. Wolf} [Int. Math. Res. Not. 2014, No. 23, 6448--6473 (2014; Zbl 1369.11010)] proved a hybrid of Tao-Ziegler and Wooley-Ziegler's results. Their proof used comparison method of Frantzikinakis-Host-Kra. In this paper, it is shown that the step \(r\) in the multidimensional result of Cook-Magyar-Titichetrakun, Tao-Ziegler and Fox-Zhao can also be taken to be of the form \(p -1\) or \(p+1\). In fact, it is proved that if \( A \subset P^{d} \) be of positive relative upper density, then for every \( h_{1},\cdots, h_{k} \in Z_{d} \), there exists \( a \in Z_{d} \) and \( p \in P \) such that \( a+(p-1)h_{1}, \cdots, a + (p - 1)h_{k} \in A \). The same is true if \(p - 1\) is replaced by \( p + 1\). A lower bound for the number of such configurations has been obtained. Simple examples show that \( P-1 \) and \( P+ 1 \) are the only translates of the primes having this property.











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