Linear equations in primes

DOI10.4007/ANNALS.2010.171.1753MaRDI QIDQ974077zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Terence Tao, Ben Green

Publication date 27 May 2010

Published in Annals of Mathematics. Second Series (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/math/0606088

zbMATH Keywords

affine-linear formsasymptotic formulaprimesseveral variables

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Arithmetic combinatorics; higher degree uniformity (11B30) Goldbach-type theorems; other additive questions involving primes (11P32)

Abstract: Consider a system Psi of non-constant affine-linear forms psi_1,...,psi_t: Z^d -> Z, no two of which are linearly dependent. Let N be a large integer, and let K be a convex subset of [-N,N]^d. A famous and difficult open conjecture of Hardy and Littlewood predicts an asymptotic, as N -> infty, for the number of integer points n in K for which the integers psi_1(n),...,psi_t(n) are simultaneously prime. This implies many other well-known conjectures, such as the Hardy-Littlewood prime tuples conjecture, the twin prime conjecture, and the (weak) Goldbach conjecture.

In this paper we (conditionally) verify this asymptotic under the assumption that no two of the affine-linear forms psi_1,...,psi_t are affinely related; this excludes the important ``binary cases such as the twin prime or Goldbach conjectures, but does allow one to count ``non-degenerate configurations such as arithmetic progressions. Our result assumes two families of conjectures, which we term the Inverse Gowers-norm conjecture GI(s) and the Mobius and Nilsequences Conjecture MN(s), where s in {1,2,...} is the complexity of the system and measures the extent to which the forms psi_i depend on each other. For s = 1 these are essentially classical, and the authors recently resolved the cases s = 2.

Our results are therefore unconditional in the case s = 2, and in particular we can obtain the expected asymptotics for the number of 4-term progressions p_1 < p_2 < p_3 < p_4 <= N of primes, and more generally for any (non-degenerate) problem involving two linear equations in four prime unknowns.

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