Abstract: This paper is a part of our programme to generalise the Hardy-Littlewood method to handle systems of linear questions in primes. This programme is laid out in our paper Linear Equations in Primes [LEP], which accompanies this submission. In particular, the results of this paper may be used, together with the machinery of [LEP], to establish an asymptotic for the number of four-term progressions p_1 < p_2 < p_3 < p_4 <= N of primes, and more generally any problem counting prime points inside a ``non-degenerate affine lattice of codimension at most 2. The main result of this paper is a proof of the Mobius and Nilsequences Conjecture for 1 and 2-step nilsequences. This conjecture is introduced in [LEP] and amounts to showing that if G/Gamma is an s-step nilmanifold, s <= 2, if F : G/Gamma -> [-1,1] is a Lipschitz function, and if T_g : G/Gamma -> G/Gamma is the action of g in G on G/Gamma, then the Mobius function mu(n) is orthogonal to the sequence F(T_g^n x) in a fairly strong sense, uniformly in g and x in G/Gamma. This can be viewed as a ``quadratic generalisation of an exponential sum estimate of Davenport, and is proven by the following the methods of Vinogradov and Vaughan.
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- A new proof of Szemerédi's theorem
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- Additive combinatorics
- Arithmetic progressions and the primes
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Cited in
(32)- On the saturation number for singular cubic surfaces
- The quantitative behaviour of polynomial orbits on nilmanifolds
- Fourier uniformity of bounded multiplicative functions in short intervals on average
- Energies and structure of additive sets
- An equivalence between inverse sumset theorems and inverse conjectures for the \(U^{3}\) norm
- Topological Wiener-Wintner ergodic theorem with polynomial weights
- Quantitative bounds in the nonlinear Roth theorem
- Uniformity seminorms on \(\ell^{\infty}\) and applications
- Linear and quadratic uniformity of the Möbius function over $\mathbb{F}_{q}[t]$
- On automorphic analogues of the Möbius randomness principle
- The Möbius function is strongly orthogonal to nilsequences
- Pointwise ergodic theorems for non-conventional bilinear polynomial averages
- Strong orthogonality between the Möbius function and skew products
- An inverse theorem for the Gowers \(U^{s+1}[N]\)-norm
- Linear equations in primes
- Sets of integers with no large sum-free subset
- Quantitative disjointness of nilflows from horospherical flows
- Higher-order Fourier analysis of multiplicative functions and applications
- A continuous model for systems of complexity 2 on simple abelian groups
- On the Gowers norms of certain functions
- Approximate orthogonality of powers for ergodic affine unipotent diffeomorphisms on nilmanifolds
- Different approaches to the distribution of primes
- An inverse theorem for the Gowers \(U^4\)-norm
- From harmonic analysis to arithmetic combinatorics
- A polynomial version of Sarnak's conjecture
- New bounds for Szemerédi's theorem. III: A polylogarithmic bound for \(r_{4}(n)\)
- Concatenation theorems for anti-Gowers-uniform functions and Host-Kra characteristic factors
- Linear inequalities in primes
- Improved bounds for five-term arithmetic progressions
- Analysis of two step nilsequences
- Gowers norms control diophantine inequalities
- Counting monochromatic solutions to diagonal Diophantine equations
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