The Möbius function is strongly orthogonal to nilsequences

DOI10.4007/ANNALS.2012.175.2.3zbMATH Open1347.37019arXiv0807.1736OpenAlexW2165859273WikidataQ56689344 ScholiaQ56689344MaRDI QIDQ410107FDOQ410107

Terence Tao, Ben Green

Publication date: 17 April 2012

Published in: Annals of Mathematics. Second Series (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: We show that the Mobius function mu(n) is strongly asymptotically orthogonal to any polynomial nilsequence n -> F(g(n)L). Here, G is a simply-connected nilpotent Lie group with a discrete and cocompact subgroup L (so G/L is a nilmanifold), g : Z -> G is a polynomial sequence and F: G/L -> R is a Lipschitz function. More precisely, we show that the inner product of mu(n) with F(g(n)L) over {1,...,N} is bounded by 1/log^A N, for all A > 0. In particular, this implies the Mobius and Nilsequence conjecture MN(s) from our earlier paper "Linear equations in primes" for every positive integer s. This is one of two major ingredients in our programme, outlined in that paper, to establish a large number of cases of the generalised Hardy-Littlewood conjecture, which predicts how often a collection psi_1,...,psi_t : Z^d -> Z of linear forms all take prime values. The proof is a relatively quick application of the results in our recent companion paper on the distribution of polynomial orbits on nilmanifolds. We give some applications of our main theorem. We show, for example, that the Mobius function is uncorrelated with any bracket polynomial. We also obtain a result about the distribution of nilsequences n -> a^nxL as n ranges only over the primes.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/0807.1736

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zbMATH Keywords

nilmanifoldsnilsequencesprogressions in primesMöbius function

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Primes in congruence classes (11N13)

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• Van der Corput's difference theorem: some modern developments
• Generalized Fourier coefficients of multiplicative functions
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• A decomposition of multicorrelation sequences for commuting transformations along primes
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• The quantitative behaviour of polynomial orbits on nilmanifolds
• Möbius disjointness for homogeneous dynamics
• Möbius disjointness for topological models of ergodic measure-preserving systems with quasi-discrete spectrum
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• Disjointness of Moebius from Horocycle Flows
• On sums over the Möbius function and discrepancy of fractions
• On automorphic analogues of the Möbius randomness principle
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• Strong orthogonality between the Möbius function, additive characters and Fourier coefficients of cusp forms
• The shifted primes and the multidimensional Szemerédi and polynomial Van der Waerden theorems
• Möbius orthogonality of sequences with maximal entropy
• Strong orthogonality between the Möbius function and skew products
• Möbius orthogonality for \(q\)-semimultiplicative sequences
• Multiple mixing and disjointness for time changes of bounded-type Heisenberg nilflows
• Möbius disjointness for interval exchange transformations on three intervals
• An inverse theorem for the Gowers \(U^{s+1}[N]\)-norm
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• Nilsystems and ergodic averages along primes
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• Substitutions and Möbius disjointness
• The Möbius function and continuous extensions of rotations
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• Möbius disjointness along ergodic sequences for uniquely ergodic actions
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• Möbius orthogonality for the Zeckendorf sum-of-digits function
• SIGN PATTERNS OF THE LIOUVILLE AND MÖBIUS FUNCTIONS
• A spectral refinement of the Bergelson–Host–Kra decomposition and new multiple ergodic theorems
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• Power bounded operators and the mean ergodic theorem for subsequences
• Weakly mixing systems with dense prime orbits
• Asymptotics for some polynomial patterns in the primes
• Diophantine equations in primes: density of prime points on affine hypersurfaces
• On the Liouville function at polynomial arguments
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• Simultaneous approximation in nilsystems and the multiplicative thickness of return-time sets
• The Möbius function and statistical mechanics

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