The Möbius function is strongly orthogonal to nilsequences
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Abstract: We show that the Mobius function mu(n) is strongly asymptotically orthogonal to any polynomial nilsequence n -> F(g(n)L). Here, G is a simply-connected nilpotent Lie group with a discrete and cocompact subgroup L (so G/L is a nilmanifold), g : Z -> G is a polynomial sequence and F: G/L -> R is a Lipschitz function. More precisely, we show that the inner product of mu(n) with F(g(n)L) over {1,...,N} is bounded by 1/log^A N, for all A > 0. In particular, this implies the Mobius and Nilsequence conjecture MN(s) from our earlier paper "Linear equations in primes" for every positive integer s. This is one of two major ingredients in our programme, outlined in that paper, to establish a large number of cases of the generalised Hardy-Littlewood conjecture, which predicts how often a collection psi_1,...,psi_t : Z^d -> Z of linear forms all take prime values. The proof is a relatively quick application of the results in our recent companion paper on the distribution of polynomial orbits on nilmanifolds. We give some applications of our main theorem. We show, for example, that the Mobius function is uncorrelated with any bracket polynomial. We also obtain a result about the distribution of nilsequences n -> a^nxL as n ranges only over the primes.
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- Polynomial sequences in groups
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Cited in
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- Multiple mixing and disjointness for time changes of bounded-type Heisenberg nilflows
- Prime numbers along Rudin-Shapiro sequences
- Disjointness of Moebius from horocycle flows
- Möbius orthogonality of sequences with maximal entropy
- Strong orthogonality between the Möbius function and skew products
- Sieves and the minimal ramification problem
- Different approaches to the distribution of primes
- Polynomial patterns in the primes
- A multidimensional Szemerédi theorem in the primes via combinatorics
- A decomposition of multicorrelation sequences for commuting transformations along primes
- Some open problems on multiple ergodic averages
- A spectral refinement of the Bergelson-Host-Kra decomposition and new multiple ergodic theorems
- The quantitative behaviour of polynomial orbits on nilmanifolds
- Large gaps between primes
- On sums over the Möbius function and discrepancy of fractions
- Partition regularity and the primes
- Möbius orthogonality for \(q\)-semimultiplicative sequences
- On Möbius orthogonality for interval maps of zero entropy and orientation-preserving circle homeomorphisms
- Nilsystems and ergodic averages along primes
- The strong asymptotic orthogonality of the Möbius function and the polynomial phases
- Linear and quadratic uniformity of the Möbius function over $\mathbb{F}_{q}[t]$
- Asymptotics for multilinear averages of multiplicative functions
- Ergodicity of the Liouville system implies the Chowla conjecture
- Odometers and Toeplitz systems revisited in the context of Sarnak's conjecture
- Approximate orthogonality of powers for ergodic affine unipotent diffeomorphisms on nilmanifolds
- An inverse theorem for the Gowers \(U^{s+1}[N]\)-norm
- Automatic sequences generated by synchronizing automata fulfill the Sarnak conjecture
- Möbius orthogonality for the Zeckendorf sum-of-digits function
- Möbius disjointness for nilsequences along short intervals
- Möbius disjointness for homogeneous dynamics
- Möbius disjointness for topological models of ergodic measure-preserving systems with quasi-discrete spectrum
- Möbius disjointness for topological models of ergodic systems with discrete spectrum
- Möbius disjointness for distal flows in short intervals
- Substitutions and Möbius disjointness
- A multi-dimensional Szemerédi theorem for the primes via a correspondence principle
- Möbius disjointness for analytic skew products
- Ramanujan sums are nearly orthogonal to powers
- \(0-1\) sequences of the Thue-Morse type and Sarnak's conjecture
- A counter-example for polynomial version of Sarnak's conjecture
- The Möbius function and continuous extensions of rotations
- Discrepancy estimates for some linear generalized monomials
- Equivalence of the Logarithmically Averaged Chowla and Sarnak Conjectures
- \(\mathrm{IP}_r^\ast\)-recurrence and nilsystems
- Arbitrarily slow decay in the Möbius disjointness conjecture
- Higher-order Fourier analysis of multiplicative functions and applications
- Sign patterns of the Liouville and Möbius functions
- The Möbius function and distal flows
- The logarithmic Sarnak conjecture for ergodic weights
- A polynomial version of Sarnak's conjecture
- Strong orthogonality between the Möbius function, additive characters and Fourier coefficients of cusp forms
- Möbius disjointness along ergodic sequences for uniquely ergodic actions
- The structure factor of primes
- An effective Ratner equidistribution result for SL\((2,\mathbb R)\ltimes \mathbb R^2\)
- Measure complexity and Möbius disjointness
- On Sarnak's conjecture and Veech's question for interval exchanges
- On automorphic analogues of the Möbius randomness principle
- Rational points on fibrations with few non-split fibres
- A transference principle for systems of linear equations, and applications to almost twin primes
- Sequences from zero entropy noncommutative toral automorphisms and Sarnak conjecture
- Spectral properties of the Möbius function and a random Möbius model
- Dynamical generalizations of the prime number theorem and disjointness of additive and multiplicative semigroup actions
- On (not) computing the Möbius function using bounded depth circuits
- Möbius disjointness for interval exchange transformations on three intervals
- The shifted primes and the multidimensional Szemerédi and polynomial Van der Waerden theorems
- Strong orthogonality between the Möbius function and nonlinear exponential functions in short intervals
- Van der Corput's difference theorem: some modern developments
- A structure theorem for multiplicative functions over the Gaussian integers and applications
- The polynomial multidimensional Szemerédi theorem along shifted primes
- The Hardy-Littlewood conjecture and rational points
- Geometric sequences and zero-free region of the zeta function
- Oscillating sequences, MMA and MMLS flows and Sarnak's conjecture
- Linear equations in primes
- Discorrelation of multiplicative functions with nilsequences and its application on coefficients of automorphic L‐functions
- Hausdorff dimension of a class of three-interval exchange maps
- Modular ternary additive problems with irregular or prime numbers
- Closest integer polynomial multiple recurrence along shifted primes
- Bracket words along Hardy field sequences
- Divergence of weighted square averages in \(L^1\)
- Ergodic and statistical properties of \(\mathcal B\)-free numbers
- Ergodic recurrence and bounded gaps between primes
- Multidimensional configurations in the primes with shifted prime steps
- Randomness of Möbius coefficients and Brownian motion: growth of the Mertens function and the Riemann hypothesis
- Infinite partial sumsets in the primes
- Möbius disjointness for skew products on a circle and a nilmanifold
- Hidden multiscale order in the primes
- Power bounded operators and the mean ergodic theorem for subsequences
- A NOTE ON MÖBIUS DISJOINTNESS FOR SKEW PRODUCTS ON A CIRCLE AND A NILMANIFOLD
- Diophantine equations in primes: density of prime points on affine hypersurfaces
- Bracket words: A generalisation of Sturmian words arising from generalised polynomials
- Sarnak's conjecture for nilsequences on arbitrary number fields and applications
- Affine transformation with zero entropy and nilsystems
- Generalized Fourier coefficients of multiplicative functions
- The structure theory of nilspaces. III: Inverse limit representations and topological dynamics
- Counting primes
- On the Liouville function at polynomial arguments
- Weakly mixing systems with dense prime orbits
- Sarnak's conjecture for sequences of almost quadratic word growth
- Diophantine equations in semiprimes
- Poincaré recurrence and number theory: thirty years later
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