The Möbius function is strongly orthogonal to nilsequences

DOI10.4007/ANNALS.2012.175.2.3zbMATH Open1347.37019arXiv0807.1736OpenAlexW2165859273WikidataQ56689344 ScholiaQ56689344MaRDI QIDQ410107FDOQ410107

Authors: Terence Tao, Ben Green 

Publication date: 17 April 2012

Published in: Annals of Mathematics. Second Series (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: We show that the Mobius function mu(n) is strongly asymptotically orthogonal to any polynomial nilsequence n -> F(g(n)L). Here, G is a simply-connected nilpotent Lie group with a discrete and cocompact subgroup L (so G/L is a nilmanifold), g : Z -> G is a polynomial sequence and F: G/L -> R is a Lipschitz function. More precisely, we show that the inner product of mu(n) with F(g(n)L) over {1,...,N} is bounded by 1/log^A N, for all A > 0. In particular, this implies the Mobius and Nilsequence conjecture MN(s) from our earlier paper "Linear equations in primes" for every positive integer s. This is one of two major ingredients in our programme, outlined in that paper, to establish a large number of cases of the generalised Hardy-Littlewood conjecture, which predicts how often a collection psi_1,...,psi_t : Z^d -> Z of linear forms all take prime values. The proof is a relatively quick application of the results in our recent companion paper on the distribution of polynomial orbits on nilmanifolds. We give some applications of our main theorem. We show, for example, that the Mobius function is uncorrelated with any bracket polynomial. We also obtain a result about the distribution of nilsequences n -> a^nxL as n ranges only over the primes.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/0807.1736

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zbMATH Keywords

nilmanifoldsnilsequencesprogressions in primesMöbius function

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Primes in congruence classes (11N13)

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• A counter-example for polynomial version of Sarnak's conjecture
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• The Hardy-Littlewood conjecture and rational points
• Sieves and the minimal ramification problem
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• The quantitative behaviour of polynomial orbits on nilmanifolds
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• Sign patterns of the Liouville and Möbius functions
• On sums over the Möbius function and discrepancy of fractions
• On automorphic analogues of the Möbius randomness principle
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• Partition regularity and the primes
• Strong orthogonality between the Möbius function, additive characters and Fourier coefficients of cusp forms
• The shifted primes and the multidimensional Szemerédi and polynomial Van der Waerden theorems
• Möbius orthogonality of sequences with maximal entropy
• Strong orthogonality between the Möbius function and skew products
• Möbius orthogonality for \(q\)-semimultiplicative sequences
• Multiple mixing and disjointness for time changes of bounded-type Heisenberg nilflows
• Möbius disjointness for interval exchange transformations on three intervals
• Oscillating sequences, MMA and MMLS flows and Sarnak's conjecture
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• An inverse theorem for the Gowers \(U^{s+1}[N]\)-norm
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• Nilsystems and ergodic averages along primes
• Equivalence of the Logarithmically Averaged Chowla and Sarnak Conjectures
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• The Möbius function and continuous extensions of rotations
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• Geometric sequences and zero-free region of the zeta function
• On Sarnak's conjecture and Veech's question for interval exchanges
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• Polynomial patterns in the primes
• On Möbius orthogonality for interval maps of zero entropy and orientation-preserving circle homeomorphisms
• Möbius orthogonality for the Zeckendorf sum-of-digits function
• Sequences from zero entropy noncommutative toral automorphisms and Sarnak conjecture
• Power bounded operators and the mean ergodic theorem for subsequences
• Weakly mixing systems with dense prime orbits
• Finite saturation for unirational varieties
• Generalized Fourier coefficients of multiplicative functions
• Asymptotics for some polynomial patterns in the primes
• Fourier uniformity of bounded multiplicative functions in short intervals on average
• Diophantine equations in primes: density of prime points on affine hypersurfaces
• On the Liouville function at polynomial arguments
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• Bracket words along Hardy field sequences
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• Discorrelation of multiplicative functions with nilsequences and its application on coefficients of automorphic L‐functions
• Multidimensional configurations in the primes with shifted prime steps

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