The structure theory of nilspaces. III: Inverse limit representations and topological dynamics

Local Lie groups (22E05) Dynamics in general topological spaces (37B02) Dynamical systems involving transformations and group actions with special properties (minimality, distality, proximality, expansivity, etc.) (37B05) Dynamics induced by group actions other than (mathbb{Z}) and (mathbb{R}), and (mathbb{C}) (37C85) General geometric structures on manifolds (almost complex, almost product structures, etc.) (53C15)

Abstract: This paper forms the third part of a series by the authors [GMV1,GMV2] concerning the structure theory of nilspaces. A nilspace is a compact space

X

together with closed collections of cubes

C^{n} (X) s u b s e t e q X^{2^{n}}

,

n = 1, 2, l d o t s

, satisfying some natural axioms. Our goal is to extend the structure theory of nilspaces obtained by Antol'in Camarena and Szegedy, and to provide new proofs. Our main result is that, under the technical assumption that

C^{n} (X)

is a connected space for all

n

, then

X

is isomorphic (in a strong sense) to an inverse limit of nilmanifolds. This is a direct and slight generalization of the main result of Antol'in Camarena and Szegedy. We also apply our methods to obtain structure theorems in the setting of topological dynamics. Specifically, if

H

is a group (subject to very mild topological assumptions) and

(H, X)

is a minimal dynamical system, then we give a simple characterization of the maximal pronilfactor of

X

. This generalizes the case

H = m a t h b b Z

, which is a theorem of Host, Kra and Maass, although even in that case we give a significantly different proof.

Review text

The present paper is the third and last one in a series of papers [\textit{Y. Gutman} et al., J. Anal. Math. 140, No. 1, 299--369 (2020; Zbl 1442.37020); Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 371, No. 7, 4951--4992 (2019; Zbl 1440.37017)] devoted to the structure theory of cubespaces and nilspaces. The following are the main results of this exposition. Theorem 1. Let the minimal system \((H,X)\) be such that \(H\) has a dense subgroup generated by a compact set. Then \(RP_H^s(X)\) is a closed \(H\)-invariant equivalence relation, and \((H,X/RP_H^s(X))\) is the maximal pronilfactor of \((H,X)\) of degree at most \(s\). Theorem 2. Let \(X\) be a compact ergodic Lie-fibered strongly connected nilspace of degree \(s\); and \(x_0\in X\) be fixed. Then, \(G=\mathrm{Aut}_1^\circ(X)\) is a Lie group which admits a filtration \(G_*:G=G_0=\mathrm{Aut}_1^\circ(X)\supseteq\mathrm{Aut}_2^\circ(X)\supseteq\dots\supseteq\mathrm{Aut}_{s+1}^\circ(X)=\{1\}\) of degree \(s\) and a discrete group \(\Gamma=\mathrm{Stab}(x_0)\subseteq G\) compatible with the filtration, such that the map \(G/\Gamma \to X\) given as \(f\cdot \Gamma \mapsto f(x_0)\) is an isomorphism of cubespaces between \(HK(G_*)/\Gamma\) and \(X\). Theorem 3. Let \(X\) be a compact ergodic nilspace. There exists then a sequence of compact ergodic Lie-fibered nilspaces \((X_n)\) and an inverse system of fibrations \((\varphi_{m,n}:X_n\to X_m)_{m< n}\) such that \(X=\lim_{\leftarrow} X_n\). Further aspects related to the above results are also discussed.

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