Topological dynamical systems induced by polynomials and combinatorial consequences

DOI10.1016/J.AIM.2025.110440MaRDI QIDQ6932990zbMATH OpenFDO

Authors Wen Huang, Song Shao, Xiangdong Ye

Publication date 5 September 2025

Published in Advances in Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1016/J.AIM.2025.110440

integral polynomials piecewise syndetic regular minimal flows saturation theorems

Dynamical systems involving transformations and group actions with special properties (minimality, distality, proximality, expansivity, etc.) (37B05) Symbolic dynamics (37B10) Multidimensional shifts of finite type (37B51)

Review text

In this paper, exploring and developing their own theory on topological dynamical systems, the authors give affirmative answers to questions; one is the question raised by \textit{V. Bergelson} and \textit{N. Hindman} [J. Comb. Theory, Ser. A 93, No. 1, 18--36 (2001; Zbl 0966.05078)] relevant to the result obtained by a combinatorial proof and the other is the question posed by the authors according to the result proved in [\textit{W. Huang} et al., Isr. J. Math. 251, No. 2, 541--565 (2022; Zbl 1528.37003)].\N\NA subset \(S\) of \(\mathbb{Z}\) is piecewise syndetic if there exists \(N \in \mathbb{N}\) such that \(\cup_{i=1}^N (S - i)\) contains arbitrarily long intervals. The main results are the following. Let \(d \in \mathbb{N}\) and \(p_i\) be an integral polynomial with \(p_i(0) = 0\), \(1 \leq i \leq d\). If \(S\) is piecewise syndetic in \(\mathbb{Z}\), then:\N\N\begin{itemize}\N\N\item \({ (m, n) \in \mathbb{Z}^2 : m + p_1(n), m + p_2(n), \cdots , m + p_d(n) \in S }\) is piecewise syndetic in \(\mathbb{Z}^2\);\N\N\item There is a piecewise syndetic set \(A\) in \(\mathbb{Z}\) such that for any \(N \in \mathbb{N}\), there is some \(a_N \in \mathbb{Z}\) with \(A \cap [-N, N] \subseteq { n \in \mathbb{Z} : a_N + p_1(n), a_N + p_2(n), \cdots , a_N + p_d(n) \in S }\).\N\N\end{itemize}\N\NLet \(T\) be a homeomorphism on a compact metric space \(X\). The main results are consequences of the following dynamical results developed in this paper, respectively. Suppose \((X, T)\) is a minimal topological dynamical system and \(d \in \mathbb{N}\), and let \(p_i\) be an integral polynomial with \(p_i(0) = 0\), \(1 \leq i \leq d\). Then:\N\N\begin{itemize}\N\N\item For each \(x \in X\) and each neighborhood \(U\) of \(x\), \N\[\NN^{\mathbb{Z}^2}_{{ p_1, \cdots ,p_d }}(x, U) = { (m, n) \in \mathbb{Z}^2 : T^{m + p_1(n)} x \in U, \cdots , T^{m + p_d(n)} x \in U }\N\]\Nis piecewise syndetic in \(\mathbb{Z}^2\);\N\N\item For any open subset \(U\) of \(X\), there is \(x \in U\) such that \N\[\NN_{{ p_1, \cdots, p_d }}(x, U) = { n \in \mathbb{Z} : T^{p_1(n)} x \in U, \cdots , T^{p_d(n)} x \in U }\N\]\Nis piecewise syndetic.\N\N\end{itemize}\N\NThe authors obtain the above main results by applying the above dynamical results to the 2-shift \(\sigma : \Sigma_2 \to \Sigma_2\).

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