Almost prime Pythagorean triples in thin orbits
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Abstract: For the ternary quadratic form Q(x) = x^2 + y^2 - z^2 and a non-zero Pythagorean triple x_0 in Z^3 lying on the cone Q(x) = 0, we consider an orbit O = x_0 Gamma of a finitely generated subgroup Gamma < SO_Q(Z) with critical exponent exceeding 1/2. We find infinitely many Pythagorean triples in O whose hypotenuse, area, and product of side lengths have few prime factors, where "few" is explicitly quantified. We also compute the asymptotic of the number of such Pythagorean triples of norm at most T, up to bounded constants.
For the ternary quadratic form \(Q(x)=x^2+y^2-z^2\) and a non-zero Pythagorean triple \(x_0\in \mathbb{Z}^3\) lying on the cone \(Q(x)=0\), consider an orbit \(\text{O}=x_0\Gamma\) of a finitely generated subgroup \(\Gamma< \mathrm{SO}_Q(\mathbb{Z})\) with critical exponent exceeding \(1/2\). In this paper, infinitely many Pythagorean triples in \(\text{O}\) whose hypotenuse, area and product of side lengths have few prime factors, where ``few is explicitly quantified, have been obtained. The asymptotic of the number of such Pythagorean triples of norm at most \(T\), up to bounded constants have also been computed.
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