Comparing the roller and B(X) boundaries of CAT(0) cube complexes

Abstract: The Roller boundary is a well-known compactification of a CAT(0) cube complex X. When X is locally finite, essential, irreducible, non-Euclidean and admits a cocompact action by a group G, Nevo-Sageev show that a subset, B(X), of the Roller boundary is the realization of the Poisson boundary and that the action of G on B(X) is minimal and strongly proximal. Additionally, these authors show B(X) satisfies many other desirable dynamical and topological properties. In this article we give several equivalent characterizations for when B(X) is equal to the entire Roller boundary. As an application we show, under mild hypotheses, that if X is also 2-dimensional then X is G-equivariantly quasi-isometric to a CAT(0) cube complex X' whose Roller boundary is equal to B(X'). Additionally, we use our characterization to show that the usual CAT(0) cube complex for which an infinite right-angled Coxeter/Artin group acts on geometrically has Roller boundary equal to B(X), as long as the corresponding group does not decompose as a direct product.

Review text

CAT(\(0\)) cube complexes have played a central role in geometric group theory and low-dimensional topology. Associated to a CAT(\(0\)) cube complex \(X\) there is a natural compactification introduced in an unpublished work by \textit{M. Roller} [``Poc sets, median algebras and group actions, Preprint, \url{arXiv:1607.07747}] now known as the Roller boundary, \(\partial X\). As a set, the Roller boundary consists of ultrafilters on halfspaces of \(X\) with the Tikhonov topology. Moreover in [Groups Geom. Dyn. 7, No. 3, 653--695 (2013; Zbl 1346.20084)], \textit{A. Nevo} and \textit{M. Sageev} single out a special subspace B(\(X\)) of the Roller boundary. Moreover, Nevo-Sageev show that if \(X\) is locally finite, essential, irreducible, non-Euclidean and admits a cocompact group action, then B(\(X\)) is a minimal realization of the Poisson boundary. In the article under review, the author characterizes when B(\(X\)) is equal to the entire Roller boundary \(\partial X\). The following four theorems are proved: 1. Let \(X\) be an essential, locally finite, cocompact CAT(\(0\)) cube complex. The following are equivalent: \begin{itemize} \item \(\partial X\) = B(\(X\)). \item \(X\) has caged hyperplanes. \item Every open set in the space of ultrafilters on \(X\), which containes an ultrafilter in \(\partial X\), contains a hyperplane. \end{itemize} 2. Let \(X\) be a 2-dimensional, irreducible, locally finite CAT(\(0\)) cube complex with straight links. Suppose \(G\) acts-properly, cocompactly and without core carrier reflections on \(X\). Then \(G\) acts properly and cocompactly on a 2-dimensional, irreducible, locally finite CAT(\(0\)) cube complex with straight links \(\bar{X}\) which satisfies \(\partial \bar{X} =\) B(\(\bar{X}\).) Furthermore, \(X\) is \(G\)-equivariantly quasi-isometric to \(\bar{X}\). 3. Let \(X\) be a cocompact, locally finite CAT(\(0\)) cube complex with straight links. If \(\partial X\neq\) B(\(X\)), then \(X\) contains an unbounded convex subset \(Y\) such that the link, taken in \(X\), of every vertex in \(Y\) is a join. 4. Let \(X\) either be the Davis complex of an infinite right-angled Coxeter group or the universal cover of the Salvetti complex of a right-angled Artin group. Then B(\(X\)) = \(\partial X\) if and only if the corresponding right-angled Coxeter/Artin group does not split as a direct product.

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