Equivariant quantum differential equation, Stokes bases, and K-theory for a projective space

Gromov-Witten invariants, quantum cohomology, Gopakumar-Vafa invariants, Donaldson-Thomas invariants (algebro-geometric aspects) (14N35) Applications of Lie algebras and superalgebras to integrable systems (17B80) Stokes phenomena and connection problems (linear and nonlinear) for ordinary differential equations in the complex domain (34M40)

Abstract: We consider the equivariant quantum differential equation for the projective space

P^{n - 1}

. We prove an equivariant gamma theorem for

P^{n - 1}

, which describes the asymptotics of the differential equation at its regular singular point in terms of the equivariant characteristic gamma class of the tangent bundle of

P^{n - 1}

. We describe the Stokes bases of the differential equation at its irregular singular point in terms of the exceptional bases of the equivariant K-theory algebra of

P^{n - 1}

and a suitable braid group action on the set of exceptional bases. Our results are an equivariant version of the well-know results of B. Dubrovin and D. Guzzetti.

Review text

The quantum connection of a complex Fano variety \(X\) is a certain connection on the trivial bundle with fiber \(H^*(X,\mathbb{C})\) on \(\mathbb{P}^1\) defined in terms of quantum multiplication on \(H^*(X,\mathbb{C})\). It has two singular points, one of which is irregular and as such is subject to the Stokes phenomenon. The classical quantum equation for projective space \(\mathbb{P}^{n-1}\) was studied by Dubrovin who in particular related the asymptotic of solutions at the regular singular point to a certain characteristic class of the tangent bundle, called the Gamma-class. On the other hand, by a result of Guzzeti [\textit{D. Guzzetti}, Commun. Math. Phys. 207, No. 2, 341--383 (1999; Zbl 0976.53094)], the Stokes matrix at the irregular singular point is related to the Gram matrix of \(\mathbb{P}^{n-1}\) defined in terms of a full exceptional collection for the derived category of coherent sheaves. For general Fano varieties this conjectural relation is known as Dubrovin's conjecture. In this paper, the authors consider the action of the n-dimensional torus \(T=(\mathbb{C}^{\times})^{n}\) on \(\mathbb{P}^{n-1}\) and study an equivariant version of the quantum equation of \(\mathbb{P}^{n-1}\). A key point is the compatibility of the equivariant quantum equation with a system of qKZ-difference equations, see Theorem 3.1. This allows the authors to identify the space of solutions of the joint system of equations with the space of the equivariant K-theory algebra \(K_{T}(\mathbb{P}^{n-1},\mathbb{C})\) of \(\mathbb{P}^{n-1}\). This identification comes from earlier work of the authors in which they prove it for more general partial flag varieties [\textit{V. Tarasov} and \textit{A. Varchenko}, J. Geom. Phys. 142, 179--212 (2019; Zbl 1419.82020)]. Using this identification the authors study the asymptotic of solutions close to the singular points. They prove an equivariant Gamma theorem relating the asymptotics at the regular singular point of the equivariant quantum equation to an equivariant Gamma class, see Theorem 4.3., which is based on their earlier work [\textit{V. Tarasov} and \textit{A. Varchenko}, J. Geom. Phys. 142, 179--212 (2019; Zbl 1419.82020)] on partial flag varieties. At the irregular singular point the authors describe Stokes bases in terms of exceptional bases of \(K_{T}(\mathbb{P}^{n-1},\mathbb{C})\).

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