Stieltjes moment properties and continued fractions from combinatorial triangles

DOI10.1016/J.AAM.2021.102232MaRDI QIDQ2048383zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Bao-Xuan Zhu

Publication date 5 August 2021

Published in Advances in Applied Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2007.14924

zbMATH Keywords

convolutionsrecurrence relationsHankel matricestotal positivityJacobi continued fractionsStieltjes continued fractions\(x\)-log-convexity\(x\)-Stieltjes moment sequencesbinomial transformationsrow-generating functions

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Exact enumeration problems, generating functions (05A15) Positive matrices and their generalizations; cones of matrices (15B48) Continued fractions (11A55) Special sequences and polynomials (11B83) Continued fractions; complex-analytic aspects (30B70) Combinatorial inequalities (05A20) Moment problems (44A60)

Abstract: Many combinatorial numbers can be placed in the following generalized triangular array $[T_{n,k}{]}_{n,kge0}$ satisfying the recurrence relation: �egin{equation*} T_{n,k}=lambda(a_0n+a_1k+a_2)T_{n-1,k}+(b_0n+b_1k+b_2)T_{n-1,k-1}+frac{d(da_1-b_1)}{lambda}(n-k+1)T_{n-1,k-2} end{equation*} with $T_{0,0}=1$ and $T_{n,k}=0$ unless $0leklen$ for suitable $a_0,a_1,a_2,b_0,b_1,b_2,d$ and $lambda$. For $ngeq0$, denote by $T_n(q)$ the generating function of the $n$-th row. In this paper, we develop various criteria for $extbfx$-Stieltjes moment property and $3$-$extbfx$-log-convexity of $T_n(q)$ based on the Jacobi continued fraction expression of $su{m}_{ngeq0}{T}_n(q)t^n$, where $extbfx$ is a set of indeterminates consisting of $q$ and those parameters occurring in the recurrence relation. With the help of a criterion of Wang and Zhu [Adv. in Appl. Math. (2016)], we show that the corresponding linear transformation of $T_{n,k}$ preserves Stieltjes moment properties of sequences. Finally, we present some related examples including factorial numbers, Whitney numbers, Stirling permutations, minimax trees and peak statistics.

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Cited in

(10)

• The Graham-Knuth-Patashnik recurrence: symmetries and continued fractions
• Real stable polynomials and the alternatingly increasing property
• Analytic properties of combinatorial triangles related to Motzkin numbers
• Context-free grammars for triangular arrays
• A generalized Eulerian triangle from staircase tableaux and tree-like tableaux
• Some results related to Hurwitz stability of combinatorial polynomials
• Further triangles of Seidel-Arnold type and continued fractions related to Euler and Springer numbers
• The Laguerre-Pólya class and combinatorics. Abstracts from the workshop held March 13--19, 2022
• Total positivity from the exponential Riordan arrays
• Two-Motzkin-like numbers and Stieltjes moment sequences

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